Journal of MCU Palisueksabuddhaghosa Review

Enhancing Customer Service Quality in the Digital Era through Sangahavatthu 4

Taras Sudhikam — 2026-08-26

This article aims to analyze and propose guidelines for enhancing customer service quality in the digital era by applying the Buddhist principle of Sangahavatthu 4: generosity (Dana), kind speech (Piyavaca), beneficial conduct (Atthacariya), and impartiality (Samanattata). Sangahavatthu 4 emphasizes building stable relationships and harmonious coexistence. When integrated with global service quality frameworks, such as SERVQUAL (Parasuraman et al., 1988), these principles demonstrate strong compatibility and complementarity.

The analytical findings reveal that Dana reflects value-added services, such as providing information and privileges; Piyavaca manifests in positive and respectful digital communication; Atthacariya highlights concrete problem-solving supported by appropriate technologies; and Samanattata ensures equality and consistent standards for all customers. Applying Sangahavatthu 4 enhances service quality in terms of efficiency, transparency, trust, and sustainability. The article suggests that organizations should adopt Sangahavatthu 4 as a guiding framework for designing services and cultivating organizational culture to improve customer experiences in the digital age. Further empirical studies are recommended to evaluate the practical outcomes of applying these principles across diverse service industries.

MOOC and the Sustainable Enhancement of Thai Language Teaching and Learning on Online Platforms

Pramuansak Deemee — 2026-08-26

This academic article, entitled “MOOC and the Sustainable Enhancement of Thai Language Teaching and Learning on Online Platforms,” examines the characteristics of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), with an emphasis on the use of online media and open educational resources to broaden learners’ access to knowledge. MOOCs play a significant role for learners, instructors, and educational institutions across multiple dimensions. For learners, MOOCs provide flexible and open access to knowledge, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of Thai language teaching and learning in online systems, The article further explains the instructional process through the Four Cs framework, comprising critical thinking and problem-solving, communication and the effective articulation of ideas through speaking, and collaborative and creative teamwork characterized by openness and respect for diverse perspectives. These competencies serve as guiding principles for organizing Thai language instruction through MOOC platforms, Implementing Thai language teaching via MOOCs creates opportunities for diverse groups of learners, helping to reduce limitations in access and educational inequality. The integration of technology into Thai language instruction through MOOCs also enables learners to manage their learning time according to their readiness and individual circumstances, thereby enhancing learning effectiveness.

Social Media and the Transformation of Linguistic Communication Behaviors in the Contemporary Social Context

Thannapaporn Hongthong — 2026-08-26

The objective of this article is to analyze the relationship between social media and the transformation of linguistic communication behaviors within a contemporary social context. The analysis concludes that the evolution of the Thai language in the digital era, relative to the contemporary social context, manifests in four key components: 1) the emergence of new vocabulary; 2) the blending of spoken and written language; 3) the use of visual imagery and symbols; and 4) the adoption of concise and abbreviated language. Furthermore, the study identifies several factors influencing these linguistic shifts in contemporary society: 1) the erosion of linguistic standards; 2) communication inequality; 3) the loss of nuanced or deep meaning; and 4) the proliferation of ungrammatical language. Regarding the impact of social media on Thai language usage, the findings reveal four major effects: 1) abbreviation and symbolization; 2) linguistic hybridization; 3) structural changes in syntax; and 4) the creation of group-specific communication cultures. To address these issues, this article proposes four developmental guidelines for Thai language use in the contemporary context: 1) promoting the use of Standard Thai in educational and public media; 2) fostering linguistic awareness; 3) developing digital media that supports language learning; and 4) conducting in-depth sociolinguistic research.

Happiness in Teamwork through Buddhist Psychology: Integrating Iddhipada 4 with Emotional Intelligence

Natthaatcha Srisermsup — 2026-08-26

This academic article has three objectives: (1) to study the concept of ego detachment (letting go of self) based on Buddhist psychology, (2) to examine Iddhipada 4 and Emotional Intelligence (EI) in relation to teamwork, and (3) to propose guidelines for building happiness in teamwork within Thai organizations. The study employed conceptual analysis and synthesis drawing from Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist psychology literature, and contemporary organizational psychology research—particularly Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence framework—together with relevant empirical studies in both Thai and English.

The key concept underpinning this article is that most suffering in teamwork arises not from work tasks themselves but from ego attachment. Integrating Iddhipada 4—the Buddhist path to success—with Emotional Intelligence as a contemporary psychological skillset creates conditions for teams to gradually release ego and discover happiness in collaborative work. Findings reveal that when Chanda (aspiration) is integrated with intrinsic motivation and empathy, teams pursue shared missions without competing for personal credit. When Viriya (perseverance) merges with self-regulation, teams sustain balanced collective effort. When Citta (mindful focus) is enhanced by self-awareness, teams work with mindfulness and recognize when ego interferes. When Vimamsa (reflective inquiry) is supported by social skills, teams learn openly without defensive self-protection.

In conclusion, integrating Iddhipada 4 with Emotional Intelligence provides a concrete framework for explaining and promoting happiness in teamwork through Buddhist psychology encompassing mental development, emotional skill cultivation, and the creation of a supportive work environment in Thai organizations.

Instructional Management Based on the Principle of Bhāvanā 4 for Upper Secondary School Students

Phramaha Thongchan kittiprlo (kingket) — 2026-08-26

This academic article entitled "Instructional Management Based on the Principle of Bhāvanā 4 for Upper Secondary School Students" presents a holistic approach to learner development in the era of globalization and digitalization, where society is facing a crisis of imbalance due to an emphasis on material progress while neglecting the development of mind and morality, resulting in youth experiencing mental health problems, stress, and lack of life skills, while the Thai education system remains fixated on rote learning and academic achievement alone. This article presents the integration of the principle of Bhāvanā 4 from Theravada Buddhism, which consists of Kāyabhāvanā (physical development and sense restraint), Sīlabhāvanā (development of behavior and social responsibility), Cittabhāvanā (development of mind to have quality, capability, and good mental health), and Paññābhāvanā (development of wisdom through Cintāmayapaññā, Sutamayapaññā, and Bhāvanāmayapaññā), applied to instructional management for upper secondary school students, taking into account the digital context and developmental characteristics of learners at this age, to develop learners who are complete in body, mind, morality, and wisdom, capable of living happily, being responsible to themselves and society, and ready to face the changes of the future world, which aligns with the concept of social-emotional learning in modern education.

Astrology in the Tripitaka

พระมหาบุญรุ่ง สิริโชติ — 2026-08-26

This academic article aims to study and analyze the concepts of astrology found in the Tripitaka. comparing them with Thai astrological practices that have been traditionally transmitted. This study surveys the Vinaya Pitaka. Sutta Pitaka. and Abhidhamma Pitaka to identify passages related to divination. fortune-telling. and various forms of astrology. The findings reveal that the Buddha made numerous statements regarding astrology. particularly in the Vinaya Pitaka and Digha Nikaya. which specify various forms of divination that monks should not practice. However. Buddhism does not deny the existence of natural phenomena. but rather emphasizes non-attachment and self-reliance. This article presents a comparative analysis between astrology mentioned in the Tripitaka and Thai astrology currently practiced. highlighting both the relationships and differences between these two belief systems.

Ethical Values of Volunteerism: Inspiring and Guiding the Operations of Sukhsalanukroh Nakhon Pathom Foundation with Buddhist Principles

panumart Neso — 2026-08-26

This academic article aims to analyze the ethical values of volunteerism in rescue operations at the Sukhsalanukroh Nakhon Pathom Foundation, integrating Buddhist principles as both an explanatory framework and a guideline for practice. The study employs documentary research, synthesizing data from the Tipiṭaka, commentaries, Buddhist scholarly texts, and organizational documents. The findings reveal that: (1) the Four Sublime States (Brahmavihāra)—mettā, karuṇā, muditā, upekkhā—serve as the moral foundation for compassion and fairness in assistance; (2) the Four Bases of Accomplishment (Iddhipāda)—chanda, viriya, citta, vīmaṁsā—function as inner drivers for effectiveness, focus, and continuous self-improvement; and (3) the Ten Perfections (Pāramī), particularly generosity, patience, truthfulness, resolution, and loving-kindness, constitute the pillars of volunteers' character marked by self-sacrifice, integrity, and perseverance. The integration of these three doctrinal sets yields systemic outcomes: mindful and wise decision-making under emergencies, accountability and transparency, cross-sector networking, and sustainable community empowerment. The authors propose a practical "3C Framework" for rescue volunteerism—Compassion (Brahmavihāra), Capability (Iddhipāda), and Character (Pāramī)—as a combined ethical compass and operational guide that fosters inspiration, psychological resilience, mission sustainability, and public trust in rescue organizations.

Organic development approaches to promote mental well-being

Phra Weerawat Aphiwattano Khamwilanon — 2026-08-26

This article aims to promote mental well-being. Organismic development can be achieved by focusing on establishing balance and inner peace. Guidelines for Organismic Development to Promote Mental Well-being. In terms of managing emotions and stress (Good Mental Health) by developing the Faculty of Mindfulness (Satinindriya) and the Faculty of Concentration (Samādhindriya), which leads to sense-restraint (Indrīyasaṃvara), preventing the mind from being dominated by defilements and significantly reducing stress and anxiety. In terms of success in work and life: Relying on the Faculty of Effort(Viriyindriya) balanced with the Faculty of Concentration (Samādhindriya) helps generate right effort, preventing discouragement in the face of difficulties. Good decision-making comes from a mature Faculty of Wisdom (Paññindriya), which leads to genuine insight, enabling one to rationally evaluate things, see the world and life as they truly are, and consequently make correct decisions and solve problems. In terms of mental stability by developing the Faculty of Faith (Saddhindriya) (right confidence), which prevents the mind from being swayed by instigation or false beliefs. When problems arise, one maintains confidence in the virtues and practices one upholds.

A MODEL OF ACTIVE BUDDHIST DISSEMINATION OF INDIA- NEPAL OVERSEAS DHAMMADUTA MONKS BASED ON BUDDHIST PSYCHOLOGY

PhraWatcharapon Khosadhammo — 2026-08-26

งานดุษฎีนิพนธ์เรื่อง “รูปแบบการเผยแผ่พระพุทธศาสนาเชิงรุกของพระธรรมทูตสายอินเดีย-เนปาลตามหลักพุทธจิตวิทยา” เป็นผลงานวิจัยของพระครูนรนาถเจติยาภิรักษ์ (สมพงศ์ ญาณธีโร) นิสิตระดับปริญญาเอก หลักสูตรพุทธศาสตรดุษฎีบัณฑิต สาขาพุทธจิตวิทยา ของบัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาจุฬาลงกรณราชวิทยาลัย พุทธศักราช 2561 ซึ่งมีวัตถุประสงค์ในการวิจัยคือ 1.เพื่อศึกษาการเผยแผ่พระพุทธศาสนาของพระธรรมทูตไทยสายอินเดีย-เนปาล 2.เพื่อสร้างรูปแบบการเผยแผ่พระพุทธศาสนาเชิงรุกของพระธรรมทูตไทยสายอินเดีย-เนปาล 3.เพื่อนำเสนอรูปแบบการเผยแผ่พระพุทธศาสนาเชิงรุกของพระธรรมทูตสายอินเดีย-เนปาลตามหลักพุทธจิตวิทยา ผู้วิจัยมีความสนใจในเรื่องการเผยแผ่พระพุทธศาสนาของพระธรรมทูต สายอินเดีย-เนปาล เนื่องจากผู้วิจารณ์ได้ผ่านการอบรมหลักสูตรและเคยปฏิบัติหน้าที่พระธรรมทูตสายอินเดีย-เนปาล จึงมีความสนใจศึกษาเพื่อทบทวนวรรณกรรม ได้เห็นแนวทางที่เป็นประโยชน์นำมาต่อยอดเป็นแนวคิดในการทำวิจัยและมีข้อสังเกตอยู่หลายๆ ประเด็น จึงได้นำงานดุษฎีนิพนธ์ทางพระพุทธศาสนาเรื่องนี้มาวิจารณ์ซึ่งมีประเด็นที่น่าสนใจตามโครงสร้างของดุษฎีนิพนธ์โดยภาพรวมประกอบไปด้วย บทที่ 1 บทนำเรื่อง ความเป็นมาและความสำคัญของปัญหา บทที่ 2 เอกสารและงานวิจัยที่เกี่ยวข้อง มุ่งเน้นศึกษาไปที่การเผยแผ่พระพุทธศาสนาเชิงรุกของพระธรรมทูต บทที่ 3 วิธีการดำเนินการวิจัย บทที่ 4 ผลการวิจัย และบทที่ 5 สรุปผลการวิจัยและข้อเสนอแนะ ซึ่งดุษฎีนิพนธ์นี้มีจำนวน 91 หน้า (ไม่รวมภาคผนวก) ดุษฎีนิพนธ์นี้เป็นการวิจัยครั้งนี้ใช้วิธีวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ (Qualitative Research) ใช้การศึกษาภาคสนาม (Field Study)

Development of a Suttavipassana model for stress management among working adults in Nonthaburi Province

นวลวรรณ พูนวสุพลฉัตร — 2026-08-25

This research article aims to: (1) examine the problems related to stress management among working-age adults, (2) develop an effective Sutthavipassana model to support stress management for working-age adults, and (3) present the outcomes of developing the Sutthavipassana model for enhancing stress management in this population. The study employed a research and development (R&D) design with a mixed-methods approach, incorporating curriculum development and validation, a short-term intervention trial of three hours, and subsequent evaluation. The sample consisted of 10 participants. Research instruments included the Stress Assessment Scale (SPST-20 and ST-5) and physiological stress measurement using Smart Pulse (Heart Rate Variability: HRV).

The findings revealed that the Suddhavipassana curriculum model was highly effective in reducing self-reported stress. Mean scores on the SPST-20 decreased significantly from a high level (x̄ = 2.36) to a moderate level (x̄ = 2.18), with statistical significance at p = .001 (t = 3.65, df = 19). Similarly, scores on the ST-5 also showed a statistically significant reduction at p = .034 (t = 3.16, df = 4). These results align with the principles of Suddhavipassana practice, which employs mindfulness and awareness of arising emotional states and stress as manifestations of impermanence (arising–ceasing) to reduce mental hindrances such as intrusive thoughts. However, physiological stress measurements demonstrated only an overall downward trend (from 61.1% to 56.4%), with physical stress showing the most notable reduction (from 60.4% to 52.3%). These changes, nevertheless, did not reach statistical significance. Moreover, structural stress arising from external factors—such as unmet goals and financial problems—remained relatively high after the training. Overall, participants expressed a high level of satisfaction (x̄ = 4.06), particularly with respect to the applicability of the acquired knowledge. The study recommends conducting longitudinal follow-up research (at least six weeks) to examine physiological outcomes more comprehensively. Additionally, organizations are encouraged to integrate this curriculum into human resource management strategies to foster sustained workplace performance and daily life well-being.

ANALYSIS OF THE ATTAINMENT OF DHAMMA BY PHRA UBONWANNA THERI

PHRAPAKIN KOVITO WIPOBPAN — 2026-08-25

This research has two objectives: (1) to study the life history and the accumulation of spiritual perfections (pāramī) of Venerable Uppalavaṇṇā Therī, and (2) to study the attainment of enlightenment of Venerable Uppalavaṇṇā Therī. This study is a documentary research. The researcher defines the scope of the study into two aspects: the documentary scope, which determines the sources of documents used in this research, and the scope of study, which specifies the content areas and issues to be examined.

The findings reveal that (1) Venerable Uppalavaṇṇā Therī was the chief female disciple on the left side of the Buddha and was honored as the foremost among bhikkhunīs endowed with psychic powers. This distinction resulted from her long-standing accumulation of spiritual perfections in generosity (dāna), morality (sīla), and mental development (bhāvanā), which led to strong spiritual faculties. In her final existence, she was born as a woman of extraordinary beauty, which was the result of past merit. Such beauty became a supporting condition that led her to develop disenchantment with saṃsāra, prompting her to renounce worldly life and enter the Buddhist monastic order. (2) The enlightenment of Venerable Uppalavaṇṇā Therī was achieved through a systematic practice of Dhamma. She began with the development of tranquility meditation (samatha-bhāvanā) using the fire kasiṇa (tejo-kasiṇa) as a meditation object, which led her mind to become firmly concentrated and attain the jhānas. She then used this concentration as a foundation for insight meditation (vipassanā-bhāvanā), contemplating mental and physical phenomena according to the Three Characteristics—impermanence, suffering, and non-self—until wisdom arose, enabling her to realize the Four Noble Truths and attain arahantship. The body of knowledge derived from this research demonstrates that the path to enlightenment of Venerable Uppalavaṇṇā Therī is a systematic process consistent with the Threefold Training—morality, concentration, and wisdom—and serves as an exemplary model of Buddhist practice aimed at genuine liberation in Theravāda Buddhism.

Buddhist Innovations in Developing Archaeological Tourism Routes in Nong Khai Province

Phra Thep Wachirakhun — 2026-08-25

The research project, "Buddhist Innovations in Developing Archaeological Tourism Routes in Nong Khai Province," has three objectives:(๑) To conduct an exploratory study and develop a cultural tourism route of the type of Buddhist archaeological site in Nong Khai Province.(๒) To organize activities to promote learning about Buddhist innovations and develop cultural tourism routes in the form of Buddhist archaeological sites in Nong Khai Province.(๓) To evaluate the effectiveness of Buddhist innovation in developing cultural tourism routes of the type of Buddhist archaeological sites in Nong Khai Province.

This research is qualitative, employing action research as part of its methodology. It emphasizes analysis in both spatial and target group contexts.The research process was structured through lesson learned extraction and the integration of data obtained from interviews, observations, and collaborative activities in the study area and with the target group, in a participatory manner at every stage.

The research results found that (๑) there are many Buddhist archaeological sites in Nong Khai province because it was a city that was prosperous in the past.However, the research team selected ๑๒ archaeological sites in two districts: Nong Khai City District and Tha Bo District, that are conducive to developing tourism routes.That was then used to develop cultural tourism routes.(๒) There are activities being organized to promote cultural tourism of the archaeological site type in Nong Khai Province, namely:(๑) Training activities for young tour guides to promote cultural tourism, etc.(๒) Training activities to provide knowledge about cultural tourism through the process of taking tourists to see the ๑๓ cultural tourism routes.(๓) Conduct an assessment of the implementation of cultural tourism route development through the process of (๑) in-depth interviews.and (๒) the small group meetings found that the community's response was positive.

Establishing a learning network for the history of Buddhism as reflected in Lan Xang inscriptions in Nong Khai Province

Athithep Phatha — 2026-08-25

The research project, "A Study of the Creation of a Learning Network for the History of Buddhism in Lan Xang Inscriptions in Nong Khai Province," has three objectives:(1) To conduct a survey and analysis of the history of Buddhism as found in the Lan Xang inscriptions in Nong Khai Province.(2) To organize activities to promote learning about the history of Buddhism as found in the Lan Chang inscriptions in Nong Khai Province (3) To create a network for learning about the history of Buddhism as found in the Lan Chang inscriptions in Nong Khai Province.

The research results found that (1) the field survey of Lan Xang inscriptions in Nong Khai Province was conducted in 5 districts in total, with 19 locations divided into:(1) 5 in Muang Nong Khai District, (2) 5 in Tha Bo District, (3) 7 in Phon Phisai District, (4) 1 in Si Chiang Mai District, and (5) 1 in Sangkhom District. Of the 19 inscriptions, the oldest is the inscription at Wat Luang, 1957 BE.The youngest inscription is the one from the Phra Kaew Temple, dating back to 2355 BE (1812 CE) during the reign of King Anuwong. If we divide the reigns according to the BE (Buddhist Era), we would get a total of 11 monarchs.The research team used the number of monarchs as a basis for analyzing the history of Buddhism in Lan Xang inscriptions.(2) The research team organized two learning activities: (1) the activity of copying and reading inscriptions, the activity of gaining knowledge.(2) The activity of providing knowledge about the history of Buddhism in Lan Xang inscriptions resulted in interest and participants gained knowledge.(3) The research team has established a learning network on the history of Buddhism in two dimensions: (1) organizing group meetings for learning, and (2) making an MOU agreement to support the work of the network.

Innovative Leadership of School Administrators in the 21st Century Watthana District Office, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration

Meanmas Pranpa — 2026-08-25

Abstract

The objective of this research is to 1) to study the innovative leadership of school administrators in the 21st century in the Watthana District Office, Bangkok, and 2) To compare the innovative leadership of school administrators, as perceived by teachers, categorized by the size of the school where they work. The sample used in this research consisted of teachers in schools in the Watthana District Office, Bangkok The sample size was 118 people. The data collection instrument used was a 5-level Likert scale questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.97. The statistical analyses used included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and one-way ANOVA.

The research findings revealed that 1) the overall and individual aspects of innovative leadership among school administrators in the 21st century at Watthana District Office, Bangkok, were at a high level. Ranked from highest to lowest mean, these aspects were: creative thinking, participation and teamwork, creating an atmosphere conducive to organizational innovation, risk management, and having a vision for change and 2) A comparison of innovative leadership styles of school administrators in the 21st century in the Watthana District Office, Bangkok, based on teachers' opinions, categorized by the size of the schools where they work, revealed no significant differences overall and in individual aspects.

Keywords: Innovative leadership, School administrators, 21st century

Academic Administration of School Administrators within the Digital Era in Educational Opportunity Expansion Schools in Phrao District Under the Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

ณัฐนันท์ ศรีกัญญา — 2026-08-25

This study aimed to investigate the current conditions and development guidelines for digital-era academic administration by school administrators in expanded opportunity schools in Phrao District under the Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. The sample consisted of 123 school administrators. The research instruments included a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.88. Statistical methods used for data analysis were percentage, mean, and standard deviation. In addition, seven key informants were purposively selected for interviews, and qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis, synthesized into a narrative form, and examined using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that the overall level of digital-era academic administration by school administrators was high. When considering individual aspects, the development of instructional media, innovations, and educational technology was at the highest level, followed by educational supervision, school curriculum development, and measurement and evaluation, which had the lowest mean but remained at a high level. The results indicated that school administrators should urgently promote the application of digital technology in measurement and evaluation, the dimension with the lowest mean, by integrating it with existing strengths in media and innovation development, supporting more comprehensive managerial decision-making. Furthermore, emphasis should be placed on the use of information for strategic decision-making through dashboards with real-time monitoring, alongside effective management of digital infrastructure appropriate to remote-area contexts, in order to sustainably enhance educational quality in the digital era.

Academic Leadership of School Administrators in the Digital Age of Schools in the Non Sawang Pong Puai Kai Si Network Group Under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office.

เดือน สีคำภา — 2026-08-25

This study aimed to examine the current conditions and development approaches of digital-era academic leadership of school administrators in the Non Sawang–Pong Pueai–Khai Si school network under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office. The population consisted of 118 administrators and teachers, with a sample of 92 participants selected through simple random sampling. The research instruments included a five-level rating scale questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. The findings revealed that the academic leadership of digital-era school administrators in the network was at a high level in all aspects, namely creating a learning atmosphere that supports teaching and learning, setting visions, goals, missions, and academic goals, developing teacher quality toward professional standards, curriculum management and instructional activities, while educational supervision and monitoring of teaching and learning had the lowest mean score.

The development approaches for digital-era academic leadership should focus on strengthening technological infrastructure and utilizing modern information systems for effective and comprehensive policy decision-making, promoting teacher professional development through online networks and active learning connected to real-life situations, allocating resources to support learner-centered curriculum design, and enhancing educational quality by improving collegial supervision processes through digital platforms for systematic monitoring and reflective feedback leading to sustainable school development.

Academic Management in the Digital Age of Schools within the Phra Mae Ya Secondary School Cluster Under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Sukhothai.

เกศรินทร์ พะยอม — 2026-08-25

This study aimed to investigate the current conditions and development approaches of academic administration in the digital era of educational institutions within the Phra Mae Ya School Cluster under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Sukhothai. The sample group consisted of 6 school directors, 8 deputy directors, and 233 teachers, totaling 247 participants. The research instruments included questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis.

The research findings and discussion revealed that overall academic administration in the digital era was at the highest and high levels. Curriculum development was rated at the highest level, followed by three aspects at a high level: learning environment management conducive to learning, the establishment of school goals, vision, and mission, and supervision, monitoring, follow-up, and evaluation of teaching and learning management. The development guidelines emphasize strengthening academic leadership and improving curricula with a focus on practical application alongside the integration of digital technologies to create a shared vision and creative learning spaces aligned with contemporary contexts. The approaches also focus on enhancing the digital competencies of personnel, adjusting work systems to reduce teachers’ workload, and fostering a learning organization culture characterized by motivation, shared responsibility, and trust. In addition, supervision, monitoring, and evaluation of learning outcomes should be systematically enhanced through digital platforms to utilize data for strategic direction setting and to continuously and sustainably improve educational quality.

Development of Augmented Reality (AR) Learning Media for Dhammapada

wattana khamken — 2026-08-25

This research had three main objectives: (1) to study the use of Augmented Reality (AR) Dhammapada instructional media, (2) to design and develop AR-based Dhammapada learning media, and (3) to evaluate learners’ learning effectiveness. The study employed a qualitative research methodology, utilizing documentary research and practical implementation. The collected data were analyzed and synthesized to design and develop an innovative instructional media in accordance with the stated objectives.

The research findings revealed that: 1)AR-based Dhammapada instructional media involves transforming the Dhammapada—teachings of the Buddha presented in Pali verses with Thai translations—into learning materials through augmented reality technology. This innovation generated four key benefits: (1) the Dhamma content became modernized and relevant, (2) the lessons became vivid and effectively connected learners with contextual events, (3) it created impressive and meaningful learning experiences, and (4) it enabled learners to access the content anytime and anywhere. 2) The design and development of the AR Dhammapada media integrated Bloom’s learning theory, covering the three domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor, together with the concepts of Active Learning and the CIPPA instructional model. This integration resulted in high-quality instructional media aligned with 21st-century learning processes. The developed media demonstrated appropriateness in terms of content, design, presentation, and interaction. Augmented Reality technology served as a key tool in fostering experiential learning, enabling learners not only to receive information but also to interact with the content, practice critical thinking and analysis, and systematically reflect on the moral values embedded in the Dhammapada. 3) The evaluation of learners’ learning effectiveness, based on a satisfaction questionnaire, indicated that learners’ overall satisfaction with the AR Dhammapada instructional media was at the highest level, with a mean score of 4.90 and a standard deviation of 0.30. This demonstrates that the developed media effectively enhanced learning outcomes and generated new knowledge in the form of an innovative AR-based learning model—transforming Dhamma education into the digital age.

Participatory Administration in the Digital Age of School Administrators in the Wang Bot Bo Thai Academic Development Group Under the Phetchabun Primary Educational Service Area Office 3.

ชนินทร์ อบถิน — 2026-08-25

This study aimed to investigate the current conditions and development guidelines for participatory management in the digital era among school administrators in the Wang Bot–Bo Thai Academic Development Group under the Phetchabun Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. The sample consisted of 114 school administrators, basic education committee members, and teachers, with five key informants purposively selected for semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, percentage, and frequency, along with content analysis of interview data.

Regarding the development guidelines that the overall level of participatory management by school administrators in the digital era was at the highest level. The dimension with the highest mean was the interaction process, followed by trust, goal setting, and decision-making processes, while autonomy had the lowest mean. Regarding development guidelines, the study found that enhancing participatory management in the digital era, particularly in terms of autonomy, should begin with fostering an open organizational culture that accepts mistakes and encourages personnel to experiment with new ideas. School administrators should create a friendly working atmosphere and reduce pressure during meetings to promote free and open exchanges of opinions, with the core emphasis on unlocking and maximizing the potential of personnel.

The Application of Artificial Intelligence for Administration in Ethnically Diverse Areas of Schools in the Burapha Pratheungwit Center Under the Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

ปวิชญา สูตรเลข — 2026-08-25

This research aims to study The Application of Artificial Intelligence for Administration in Ethnically Diverse Areas of Schools in the Burapha Pratheungwit Center Under the Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, and to find ways to develop the application of AI in the administration of ethnically diverse schools in the Burapha Pratheungwit Center, under the Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. The population consisted of 97 school administrators and teachers in the 2025 academic year, and 5 experts selected through purposive sampling. The tools used were questionnaires and interviews. Data was analyzed using means, standard deviations, and content analysis.

The research results showed that the overall level of AI application was high. When considering each aspect, all aspects were found to be at a high level, ranked from highest to lowest mean as follows: systems to reduce teacher/administrative workload, data analysis for strategic decision-making, adaptive learning, and the creation of learning innovations/new media.

The recommended development approach is to focus on using AI as a systematic management support tool, emphasizing systems to reduce teacher and administrative workload, coupled with data analysis for strategic decision-making by administrators, while promoting adaptive learning and the creation of learning innovations that are relevant to the local context. To enhance the quality of education comprehensively and sustainably

Participatory Administration in the Digital Age of Educational Opportunity Expansion Schools within the Nanthaburi Educational Quality Development Network Under the Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 5

ปาณิสรา หมื่นวัง — 2026-08-25

This research aimed to study multicultural school administration of school administrators in the digital era and to examine guidelines for developing multicultural school administration of school administrators in the digital era at the Wiang Malika Educational Quality Development Center under the Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 3.The research population consisted of 112 school administrators and teachers. The research instruments included questionnaires and interviews. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and content analysis.

The results of the study on participatory management in the digital era of opportunity expansion schools under the Nanthaburi Educational Quality Development Network, Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 5, revealed that the overall level was high. When considered by individual aspects and ranked from the highest to the lowest mean scores, the results were as follows: mutual trust and organizational commitment, autonomy in work performance, participation in decision-making, and innovative transformational vision, respectively.

The results regarding the guidelines for developing participatory management in the digital era of opportunity expansion schools under the Nanthaburi Educational Quality Development Network, Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 5, can be summarized as follows: Innovative Transformational Vision: The development guidelines emphasize enhancing teachers’ and staff’s knowledge and skills in systematic planning for digital equipment maintenance, as well as preparing digital equipment maintenance manuals. Mutual Trust: The development guidelines focus on promoting the use of digital technology among teachers and establishing strong digital-based working networks to support sustainable educational quality development. Participation in Decision-Making: The development guidelines involve administrators applying participatory management principles, including joint thinking, joint action, joint decision-making, and collaborative creative problem-solving, which lead to mutual acceptance and increased administrative efficiency. Autonomy in Work Performance: The development guidelines include providing opportunities for teachers and staff to willingly perform their duties in driving digital culture, based on management principles that emphasize trust, responsibility, and intrinsic motivation. Organizational Commitment: The development guidelines focus on developing teachers’ and staff’s digital skills in alignment with the school context, fostering a sense of belonging and organizational commitment, and encouraging collaboration in school development

School Administration towards Excellence in the Mon Pin Subdistrict Educational Quality Development Center Under the Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

สุทธิพงษ์ ก้อนแก้ว — 2026-08-25

The purposes of this independent study were to: (1) examine educational institution management toward excellence of school administrators in the Mon Pin Subdistrict Educational Quality Development Center under the Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, and (2) propose guidelines for developing educational institution management toward excellence in this context. The study was conducted based on the Office of the Basic Education Commission Quality Assurance (OBEC QA) framework, which consists of seven components: leadership, management and administrative processes, focus on learners and stakeholders, measurement, analysis and knowledge management, focus on personnel, focus on operations, and operational results. The population of the study comprised 193 participants, including school administrators and teachers working in the Mon Pin Subdistrict Educational Quality Development Center. The research instrument was a questionnaire on educational institution management toward excellence. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

The findings revealed that the overall level of educational institution management toward excellence was at a high level. When considered by each component, all aspects were also found to be at a high level. Leadership and focus on learners and stakeholders showed the highest mean scores, indicating that school administrators placed strong emphasis on visionary leadership, clear direction, and responsiveness to the needs of learners, parents, and the community.

The guidelines for developing educational institution management toward excellence include strengthening strategic leadership, enhancing transparent and accountable management systems, promoting participation among teachers, personnel, and community stakeholders, utilizing data and evaluation results for continuous improvement, and developing personnel capacity in alignment with the context of mountainous and rural areas. These approaches are expected to contribute to the sustainable improvement of educational quality and effective school management.

Academic Management in the Digital Age of School Administrators within the PingKhong Subdistrict Educational Quality Development Center, Chiang Dao District Under the Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 3.

อัญญานุช กันกา — 2026-08-25

This independent study aimed to examine and propose guidelines for school administration toward becoming a learning organization of school administrators in the digital age at the Ping Khong Subdistrict Education Quality Development Center under the Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. The population consisted of 95 school administrators and teachers in the academic year 2025, and eight experts were selected through purposive sampling for interviews. The research instruments included questionnaires and interview forms. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and content analysis.

The findings revealed that the overall level of school administration toward a learning organization was at a high level. When considered by aspect, all aspects were also rated at a high level. The aspects were ranked from the highest to the lowest mean scores as follows: learning leadership and communication, technology utilization and systematic analytical thinking, shared creative vision, systematic management, and relationship building, networking, and collaboration.

The proposed guidelines for development were as follows: 1) school administrators should enhance the use of information technology as a key tool for communication and management by selecting appropriate and diverse communication channels and promoting two-way communication to encourage participation from teachers, personnel, and stakeholders; 2) administrators should be open to diverse opinions from teachers and staff in an impartial manner and create an environment that supports the exchange of ideas, with decision-making based on data, facts, and systematic analytical thinking; 3) administrators should clearly communicate the school vision and encourage participation in setting shared goals and directions, while fostering a positive working atmosphere and teamwork; 4) administrators should promote open communication and continuous knowledge sharing among teachers and personnel through meetings and collaborative activities; and 5) administrators should manage schools based on a systematic approach, including clear planning, task delegation, and continuous coordination among all sectors, as well as integrated collaboration without fragmentation of work.

Guidelines for Promoting Buddhist-Based Operational for Personnel at the Graduate School, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University

วิทยา ปานไข่ — 2026-08-26

This research aimed to: (1) examine the problems related to the performance of personnel at the Graduate School of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University; (2) study Buddhist principles applicable to the performance of personnel at the Graduate School of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University; and (3) propose guidelines for promoting Buddhist oriented work practices amongpersonnel at the Graduate School of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. This study employed a qualitative research approach. The researcher collected data through documentary research and in-depth interviews with 15 key informants selected through purposive sampling. These informants included administrators, faculty members, staff, Buddhist scholars, and service recipients. The research instrument used was an in-depth interview form, and the data were analyzed and presented descriptively.

The findings revealed that the problems in personnel performance at the Graduate School were structural and holistic in nature, arising from multiple interconnected factors. Internal factors included a limited number of personnel, excessive workloads, urgent coordination demands, and a lack of specialized experts. External factors involved unclear policies, inadequate technological support, and insufficient budget allocation. Organizational and individual-level factors were also identified, such as a lack of systems thinking skills, role ambiguity, and insufficient work commitment. These issues collectively affected work efficiency and quality.

The Buddhist principles applied in this study were the Four Bases of Success (Iddhipāda 4) and the Four Sublime States of Mind (Brahmavihāra 4), both of which play a significant role in enhancing work efficiency and the quality of relationships within the organization. The Iddhipāda 4—chanda (aspiration), viriya (effort), citta (attention), and vimamsa (investigation)—help foster intrinsic motivation, perseverance, attentiveness, and systematic thinking. The Brahmavihāra 4—mettā (loving-kindness), karuṇā (compassion), muditā (sympathetic joy), and upekkhā (equanimity)—contribute to a supportive, cooperative, and fair working environment, promoting unity and a strong organizational culture.

The proposed guidelines for promoting Buddhist-oriented work practices involve applying the Iddhipāda 4 and Brahmavihāra 4 as frameworks for developing organizational relationships, alongside enhancing nine key work-related skills: (1) creativity, (2) analytical thinking, (3) teamwork, (4) communication, (5) information literacy, (6) adaptability, (7) leadership, (8) social skills, and (9) results-oriented performance. These guidelines should be implemented through concrete developmental activities, enabling personnel to effectively integrate Buddhist principles into their actual work practices.

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MINDFULNESS OF BREATHING (ĀNĀPĀNASSATI) IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSIGHT MEDITATION BASED ON THE FOUR FOUNDATIONS OF MINDFULNESS

Phra Panchasap Kantadhammo Bunthanakitsophon — 2026-08-26

This research article aimed to: (1) study mindfulness of breathing (Ānāpānasati) in accordance with the Four Foundations of Mindfulness (Satipaṭṭhāna) as presented in the Buddhist scriptures. and (2) analyze the development of mindfulness of breathing as a process for elevating the mind to insight meditation (Vipassanā) based on the Four Foundations of Mindfulness. This study employed a documentary research methodology. drawing upon the Tipiṭaka. commentaries. and related academic documents.

The findings revealed that mindfulness of breathing. within the framework of the Four Foundations of Mindfulness. is classified under contemplation of the body (kāyānupassanā). It emphasizes continuous awareness of inhalation and exhalation accompanied by mindfulness and clear comprehension. This practice represents a systematic process of mental development. beginning with the stabilization of the mind. the reduction of the five hindrances. and the establishment of concentration as a foundation. Subsequently. it can be extended to the contemplation of feelings. mind. and mental objects in a structured manner. leading to an understanding of phenomena as they truly are. which serves as a fundamental basis for the cultivation of insight meditation. Furthermore. the development of mindfulness of breathing for elevating the mind to insight meditation was found to be a systematic process integrating tranquillity meditation (samatha) and insight meditation (vipassanā). Beginning with the observation of the breath to cultivate calmness and concentration. the stabilized mind can then progressively develop into the contemplation of the Four Foundations of Mindfulness. This enables the practitioner to perceive the arising. persistence. and cessation of phenomena in accordance with the Three Characteristics (anicca. dukkha. and anattā). Such realization leads to the development of insight knowledge. wisdom. and ultimately. the process of letting go. The study also resulted in a body of knowledge synthesized into a conceptual model illustrating the development of the mind through mindfulness of breathing toward insight meditation.

Behavioral Patterns of Artificial Intelligence Integration in Instructional Management Among Student Teachers

Sornprachan Siangyen — 2026-08-26

The objectives of this research were: 1) to examine the levels of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in teaching and learning among student teachers during their professional internships; and 2) to compare these behavioral patterns based on gender, major, school size, and institutional affiliation. This study employed a quantitative survey research design. The population comprised 755 student teachers practicing in educational institutions during the 2025 academic year. A sample size of 270 participants was determined and selected through proportional stratified random sampling, categorized by major, gender, school size, and affiliation. The final participants were recruited via simple random sampling using a random number table. The research instrument was a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire assessing AI application behaviors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency (n), percentage (%), mean (𝑥̄), and standard deviation (S.D.), while inferential statistics involved t-tests and One-Way ANOVA.

The findings revealed that: 1) the level of AI application in instructional management among pre-service teachers was at a moderate level (𝑥̄ = 3.48, S.D. = 0.83). 2) Student Teachers with different academic majors exhibited statistically significant differences in their AI utilization behaviors at the .05 level. However, no significant differences were found when categorized by gender, school size, or school affiliation.

A Model for Applying the Four Noble Truths in the Work of Plan Paint Company Limited

Phra Prathueng Khantiko — 2026-08-26

This research has three objectives: 1) study the working conditions of employees in contemporary Thai society; 2) to study the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism; and 3) to present a model for applying the Four Noble Truths in the work of Plan Paint Company Limited. The research findings are summarized as follows:

The study found that: 1) The working conditions of employees in contemporary Thai society are undergoing a significant transition. Previously focused solely on material productivity, the emphasis has shifted to "intrinsic value." Modern employees seek not only monetary compensation for their labor but also meaningful life experiences and contributions to society. Under the challenges of the volatile digital world, organizations must adapt their management style from directive and control-oriented approaches. 1) It is a holistic management approach that cares for physical, mental, and intellectual health, with leaders serving as moral role models to integrate individual and organizational goals. 2) The study the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism are found not just as principles in scriptures, but as a modern management system that works dynamically. It begins with Chanda, the power of love for work that transforms duty into happiness; Viriya, the diligence focused on reaching the essence of the work; Citta, the responsibility and concentration that create prudence amidst complexity; and Vimamsa, the use of wisdom and judgment to review for development and innovation. These four principles are therefore important tools that help individuals achieve mental freedom and sustainable self-reliance. 3) The a model for applying the Four Noble Truths in the work of Plan Paint Company Limited. shows that the Four Bases of Success are applied It is possible to concretely transform employees into intelligent workers, such as production department employees who take pride in their work that creates beautiful and durable cars for customers (Chantha), those who endure monotonous work conditions and chemicals (Virya), the accounting and IT departments who use concentration to reduce errors in tight deadlines (Citta), and the organization that provides a safe space for employees to dare to ask questions in order to improve systems to be more modern and safer (Vimamsa). The knowledge from research shows that the Four Bases of Success (Iddhipada 4) are interconnected gears of wisdom, with Chantha as motivation, Virya as a mechanism for skill development, Citta as a quality control mechanism, and Vimamsa as a creator of innovation. When an organization gives employees opportunities to participate and see their potential, it will naturally create job satisfaction and organizational commitment without relying solely on material incentives. Applying this principle, therefore, integrates competence with virtue, which is the highest foundation leading to sustainable organizational growth in the context of Thai society.

The Structural Crisis of the Thai Sangha: Declining Monks, Increasing Temples, and a Buddhist-Philosophical Analysis

Amphon Buddasarn — 2026-08-26

This article aims to: 1) examine changes in the number of Buddhist monks and temples in Thailand; 2) analyze the impacts of the structural imbalance between the number of monks and temples on the Sangha and local communities; and 3) synthesize a Buddhist philosophical framework for explaining and proposing responses to the structural crisis of the Thai Sangha. The study employs qualitative documentary research based on statistical data from the National Office of Buddhism together with academic literature in Buddhist studies, sociology of religion, and Buddhist philosophy. The findings show that the condition of “declining monks and increasing temples” reflects a structural imbalance within the Thai Sangha in three major dimensions: manpower, spatial distribution of monks, and the role of temples as community institutions. Key contributing factors include changing ordination values, the expansion of modern education, migration to urban areas, and limitations in Sangha administration. Interpreted through Buddhist philosophy—particularly Dhamma-Vinaya, Aparihaniyadhamma, Sangha harmony, the Threefold Training, and dependent origination—the stability of Buddhism depends not primarily on the number of temples, but on the quality of the Sangha, continuity of education and practice, and the ability of temples to sustain communities. The article argues that addressing the structural crisis of the Thai Sangha requires systemic management, reform of monastic education, and revitalization of temples as effective spiritual and social centers.

An Analytical Study of the Relationship between Mindfulness and Clear Comprehension and the Practice of Vipassanā Meditation Based on the Four Foundations of Mindfulness

Phramaha Sumet Yanataro Tiansri — 2026-08-26

This research aims to: (1) examine the concepts of mindfulness (sati). clear comprehension (sampajañña). and the Four Foundations of Mindfulness (satipaṭṭhāna) in Buddhist canonical texts; (2) study the roles and relationships between mindfulness and clear comprehension in Vipassanā meditation according to the Four Foundations of Mindfulness; and (3) analytically explain the roles and interrelationships between mindfulness. clear comprehension. and Vipassanā practice within this framework. This documentary research draws primarily on Theravāda Buddhist scriptures and related sources.

The research findings indicate that the concepts of mindfulness (sati) and clear comprehension (sampajañña). together with the framework of the Four Foundations of Mindfulness. are systematically and coherently presented within the Theravāda Buddhist scriptures. Mindfulness functions as the faculty of recollective awareness. serving to regulate the mind and prevent it from drifting along with mental objects. Clear comprehension. on the other hand. operates as a comprehensive awareness accompanied by wisdom. enabling discernment of purpose. appropriateness. and non-delusion regarding phenomena. These two mental factors operate within the framework of the Four Foundations of Mindfulness. which provide a structured training encompassing body. feelings. mind. and mental objects (dhammas). thereby facilitating a continuous and systematic development of the mind. Mindfulness and clear comprehension play a crucial role in the practice of vipassanā meditation as mechanisms for mental regulation and for maintaining the quality of meditative practice. Specifically. mindfulness is responsible for recognizing present-moment objects. while clear comprehension ensures that such recognition accords with reality. The relationship between mindfulness. clear comprehension. and the Four Foundations of Mindfulness is causal and interdependent. Continuous cultivation of the Four Foundations strengthens and refines mindfulness and clear comprehension. Conversely. well-established mindfulness and clear comprehension support the correct and goal-oriented practice of the Four Foundations. preventing deviation from the objectives of insight meditation. Mindfulness and clear comprehension thus function as essential systemic mechanisms in regulating the cognition of phenomena. Mindfulness performs the role of awareness. while clear comprehension governs accurate understanding and evaluative monitoring. Their mutually supportive interaction ensures that practice remains continuous. accurate. and profound. enabling an integrated contemplation of the four domains: body. feelings. mind. and dhammas. Furthermore. they constitute key conditions leading to the progressive emergence of insight knowledges (vipassanā-ñāṇa). beginning from the knowledge of the delimitation of mind and matter (nāma-rūpa-pariccheda-ñāṇa) up to path knowledge (magga-ñāṇa). which represents the highest wisdom. Ultimately. this process culminates in the attainment of the true goal of vipassanā practice

Analyzing the Four Noble Truths to Strengthen Stability In Life

Phrakru Arjaravithan — 2026-08-26

This research article has three objectives: 1) to study the Four Noble Truths according to Theravada Buddhism; 2) to study the relationship between the Four Noble Truths and their role in strengthening life stability; and 3) to analyze the Four Noble Truths in strengthening life stability. This research is qualitative, using document analysis and descriptive analysis.

The research findings indicate that: The Four Noble Truths represent a complete life management system and a causal problem-solving cycle. Suffering (Dukkha) functions as a mechanism for recognizing the problems and imperfections of life; the origin of suffering (Samudaya) analyzes the root causes of problems arising from craving and attachment; the cessation of suffering (Nirodha) is a state of balance and inner peace through letting go; and the path to the cessation of suffering (Magga) is the guideline for practice through the Eightfold Noble Path to develop thoughts, behaviors, and mind. The relationship between the Four Noble Truths and life is found to play a role at the individual level, helping to accept reality, manage emotions, reduce stress, and create mental well-being. At the societal level, it promotes empathy, reduces conflict, and builds mutually beneficial relationships, which aligns with modern psychological concepts of mental resilience. An analysis of the Four Bases of Success (Iddhipada 4) in daily life reveals that strengthening life's stability according to the Four Noble Truths, which are interconnected, leads to lasting stability in four areas: mindfulness, understanding life's reality with wisdom, balance of body and mind, and a peaceful and stable quality of life. And we have a diagram illustrating a model for strengthening stability in life based on the Four Noble Truths.