Rajapark Journal

A Model of Collaborative Integration Among the Pa Sae Kae Krang Community Network, Uthai Thani Province

2026-07-02T09:40:22+07:00

This research aimed to: 1) examine the integrated collaboration within the Sakae Krang Raft Community Network; 2) investigate the factors affecting that collaboration; and 3) develop an integrated collaboration model for the network. This study employed a qualitative research approach. Key informants were selected through purposive sampling and comprised 32 administrators and officials from 16 government agencies, three individuals consisting of the chairperson and committee members of the community, and 12 individuals consisting of local wisdom scholars and community residents, totaling 47 informants. The research instrument was an interview guide. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using content analysis, interpretation and verification of data validity to generate descriptive conclusions. The findings revealed that: 1) the integrated collaboration of the Sakae Krang Raft Community Network comprised six dimensions: development planning, decision-making, implementation, evaluation, development or improvement, and benefit sharing; 2) the factors affecting integrated collaboration comprised five dimensions: government policies and support, the community’s administrative and management structure, communication, supporting resources and budgets, and leadership and mobilization; and 3) the integrated collaboration of the Sakae Krang Raft Community Network comprised eight forms: vertical task-based integration, horizontal task-based integration, provider–recipient collaboration, occasional collaboration, preference-based collaboration, partial integration, the linkage of selected activities, and collaboration between two or more organizations.

A Comparative Study of Legal Measures on Controlling Smartphone Usage in Educational Institutions: Thailand and Foreign Countries

2026-06-02T16:33:22+07:00

This research aims to examine the concepts and theories underlying the regulation of smartphone use in educational institutions. It analyzes the challenges to smartphone control measures in Thai educational institutions, compares them with legal measures and policies in foreign countries, and proposes guidelines to improve legal frameworks for regulating smartphone use in schools. This research is a qualitative study based on the analysis of various documents, research reports, theses, and online data on smartphone regulation in Thai schools and on foreign laws. These include the United Kingdom's Education Act 1996 (subsequently amended by the Education Act 2011), Australia's Education and Training Reform Act 2006 (Vic), and Singapore's policy under the Ministry of Education, Singapore (2025). The data were analyzed and compared to draw conclusions and make recommendations. The findings reveal that Thailand still lacks clear national policies and legislation to regulate smartphone use within educational institutions. The Ministry of Education, through the Office of the Basic Education Commission, has delegated authority to individual school administrators to formulate their own regulations. These rules are enforced in accordance with the Ministry of Education Regulations on Student Punishment B.E. 2548 (2005). Consequently, this approach lacks standardization and exposes teachers to potential civil and criminal lawsuits, resulting in ineffective smartphone control measures. This stands in contrast to the United Kingdom, Australia, and Singapore, which have clear, centralized policies and legal frameworks. Therefore, Thailand should urgently improve its legal measures to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of educational management.

Development of a Probation Management System for Recidivism Prevention: A Case Study of the Bangkok Metropolitan Area

2026-07-16T13:23:51+07:00

This research aimed to: 1) study the probation management process in Bangkok; 2) examine the problems and obstacles in probation management in Bangkok; and 3) explore guidelines for developing the probation management system to prevent recidivism in Bangkok. The study used a qualitative approach, drawing on documentary research, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The participants were key informants, including probation administrators, probation-specialist academics, probation practitioners, and other probation stakeholders. They were selected through purposive sampling. The instrument for collecting data was a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed using content analysis, and the trustworthiness of the findings was verified through triangulation. The research results were as follows; 1) the probation management process consisted of three interlinked dimensions, including probation practices grounded in theoretical frameworks and international standards; the implementation of probation services in accordance with professional standards of practice; and case management through area-based administration and effective resource utilization; 2) the problems and obstacles in probation management constituted five interrelated systemic issues that formed a reinforcing feedback loop, including excessive caseloads, limitations in information technology systems, constraints arising from collaborative networks, limitations in case management, and shortages of resources; and 3) the guidelines for developing the probation management system for recidivism prevention consisted of five strategies to enhance the effectiveness of recidivism prevention, including repositioning probation officers as integrated case managers while allocating organizational resources based on risk levels; enhancing information technology systems and interagency data integration; developing a rehabilitation ecosystem through collaborative partnerships to facilitate social reintegration; introducing management support measures to improve probation effectiveness; and strengthening personnel capacity while improving their quality of work life. The study was based on the Input-Process-Output-Outcome (IPO-O) framework.

The Effects of Accrual-Based Earnings Management, Free Cash Flow Tax Avoidance, and Capital Structure on Firm Value of Listed Companies in The Stock Exchange of Thailand

2026-06-09T10:18:40+07:00

This research examined the effects of accrual-based earnings management, free cash flow, tax strategies, and capital structure on the firm value of companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand. This study employed a quantitative research design. The population consisted of 500 companies. The sample comprised 230 companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand, with data collected from 2021 to 2025. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, including companies with complete financial data and excluding those in the financial and insurance sectors. The research instrument used for data collection was a financial data recording form based on annual reports and financial statements. Firm value was measured by Tobin’s Q. The data were analyzed using inferential statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The research findings revealed that: 1) accrual-based earnings management was positively related to firm value; 2) free cash flow was positively related to firm value, whereas book-tax differences were negatively related to firm value; and 3) the effective tax rate and the debt-to-equity ratio showed no relationship with firm value based on the data examined. In addition, firm size was negatively related to firm value.

The Influence of Service Employees’ Big Five Personality Traits on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in Restaurants and Beverage Businesses in Songkhla Old Town

2026-06-02T16:35:36+07:00

This research aimed to: 1) examine the influence of the Big Five Personality Traits on customer satisfaction and loyalty toward food and beverage establishments in Songkhla Old Town; 2) investigate the effect of consumer satisfaction on loyalty. The sample for this quantitative study consisted of 420 consumers who had previously used the services of food and beverage establishments in Songkhla Old Town. The sample size was determined using Cochran’s (1977) formula, and purposive sampling was used. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. The findings revealed that: (1) the Big Five Personality Traits of Service Employees, specifically extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience, had a statistically significant positive influence on consumer satisfaction; and (2) agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and consumer satisfaction had a statistically significant positive influence on consumer loyalty. The results of this study can serve as a guide for enhancing service personnel's capabilities to improve customer satisfaction and strengthen customer loyalty. These improvements can contribute to the competitiveness and sustainable growth of food and beverage businesses in Songkhla Old Town.

Digital Transformation Capability and Bank Innovation Performance: The Mediating Role of Financial Innovation——A Case of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Guangdong Branch

2026-07-22T14:23:42+07:00

This research aimed to: 1) identify the influence relationship among the three variables, including the effect of DTC on BIP; the effect of FI on BIP; and the effect of DTC on FI; and 2) explore the mediating effect of financial innovation on the relationship between the digital transformation capability and bank innovation performance. The study sample comprised the Guangdong Branch of ICBC, selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected by distributing a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire to bank managers via an online platform, yielding 400 valid responses. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that: 1) digital transformation capability positively influenced financial innovation (β = 0.961), which in turn positively influenced bank innovation performance (β = 0.742). Digital transformation capability also has a certain impact on bank innovation performance (β = 0.214); and 2) financial innovation served as a mediator between digital transformation capabilities and bank innovation performance, with an indirect effect of 0.714. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in breaking the fragmented approach of the four major theories and constructing a unified framework with a progressive relationship: identifying heterogeneous digital resources based on RBV and considering organizational context based on TOE; emphasizing the dynamic reorganization of resources by organizations based on DCT; explaining the transmission medium (indirect effect) of value creation based on FIT; and ultimately focusing on innovation performance.

Educational Support, Self-Efficacy, and Psychological Resilience in Private Higher Education: A Mediation Model

2026-06-23T13:44:18+07:00

This study examines the relationships among educational support, self-efficacy, and psychological resilience among students in private higher education institutions. Specifically, it investigates the direct associations between academic, non-academic, and emotional support and psychological resilience and examines the mediating role of self-efficacy in these relationships. A cross-sectional quantitative research design was adopted. Data were collected on December 15, 2025, using a structured questionnaire administered to 500 full-time students enrolled in ten private higher education institutions in Fujian Province, China, including five private undergraduate colleges and five private higher vocational colleges. A stratified quota sampling strategy combined with convenience sampling was employed. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping were conducted in SPSS and AMOS to examine the proposed direct and indirect relationships. The structural model showed a satisfactory fit to the data (χ²/df = 1.927, RMSEA = .043, GFI = .912, AGFI = .900, NFI = .928, TLI = .958, and CFI = .963). Academic support, non-academic support, and emotional support were all positively associated with psychological resilience, with standardized path coefficients of .214, .148, and .196, respectively. The three forms of support were also positively associated with self-efficacy, with corresponding coefficients of .326, .243, and .301. Self-efficacy showed the strongest direct association with psychological resilience, with a standardized coefficient of .421. Bootstrap analysis further confirmed significant indirect associations through self-efficacy, with effect values of .137 for academic support, .102 for non-academic support, and .127 for emotional support; all 95% confidence intervals excluded zero. Among the three forms of educational support, academic support showed the strongest total association with psychological resilience, followed by emotional support and non-academic support. Educational support is associated with students’ psychological resilience both directly and indirectly through self-efficacy. The findings indicate that self-efficacy partially mediates the relationships between the three forms of educational support and psychological resilience. Private higher education institutions should therefore develop integrated support systems that combine academic assistance, responsive student services, and emotional care while strengthening students’ confidence in managing academic, practical, and psychological challenges.

Interactional Metadiscourse in Thai EFL Student Essays: A Corpus-Based Study

2026-07-17T16:49:47+07:00

Interactional meta-discourse, including hedges and boosters, attitude and engagement markers, and self-mentions, is a useful device for expressing stance and building relationships with readers. This study investigated the use of interactional meta-discourse in essays written by Thai EFL university students and explored students’ and instructors’ perspectives on its use in academic writing. A corpus-based approach was employed to analyze 60 student essays (30 from a public university and 30 from a private university), comprising 23,061 words (PU = 11683; PVU = 11,378), using Hyland’s (2005) interactional meta-discourse framework. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with five students and five instructors to examine how students use these devices in essay writing and to inform instructional guidelines. The results showed that self-mentions were the most frequently used interactional meta-discourse feature, whereas attitude markers were the least frequent across both corpora. PU students also used boosters more often than PVU students. Interview findings revealed that students used these features according to classroom writing conventions rather than rhetorical awareness, and that instructors provided limited explicit instruction on interactional meta-discourse. These findings underscore the need for explicit instruction and instructional scaffolding to enhance students’ awareness of writer stance and reader engagement in academic writing. Corpus analysis results, integrated with interview data in the Thai EFL context, provide empirical evidence for understanding interactional meta-discourse and offer practical implications for academic writing pedagogy.

Perceived Value Affecting the Intention to Adopt TikTok Applications Among the Baby Boomer Generation

2026-06-26T10:47:11+07:00

This research aimed to investigate: 1) the level of perceived value of use, 2) the level of behavioral intention to accept and use, 3) the relationship between perceived value and behavioral intention to accept and use, and 4) the specific dimensions of perceived value that affect the behavioral intention to accept and use the TikTok application among the Baby Boomer generation. Using a quantitative research approach, the study population comprised users of the TikTok application residing in Bangkok and its vicinity. Because the population size was unknown, a sample size of 400 participants was determined using Cochran’s formula, and the sample was selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using percentages, means, standard deviations, and multiple regression analysis. The research findings revealed that: 1) the overall level of perceived value for using the TikTok application was high; 2) the overall level of intention to accept the use of the TikTok application was also high; 3) perceived functional, social, and emotional/entertainment value had a statistically significant positive relationship with the intention to accept the use of the TikTok application at the .05 level; and 4) perceived peer acceptance and interactive value significantly affected the intention to accept the use of the TikTok application among the Baby Boomer generation at the .05 level.

Administration of Basic Education Standards in Small Schools under Surin Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

2026-06-23T11:55:23+07:00

This quantitative study aimed to: (1) examine the level of Basic Education Standards Management in small schools based on school administrators’ opinions; (2) compare Basic Education Standards Management across the personal characteristics of school administrators; and (3) investigate relationships among the three basic education standards. The sample comprised 108 school administrators selected through proportional stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a five-point rating scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, standard deviations, independent-samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The findings revealed that (1) the overall level of Basic Education Standards Management in small schools was high. All three standards were rated highly, with Learner Quality receiving the highest mean score; (2) school administrators of different genders and positions did not differ significantly in their opinions regarding the overall Basic Education Standards Management, whereas administrators with different work experience showed statistically significant differences at the .05 level; and (3) Learner Quality, Administrative Management, and Learner-Centered Learning Management were positively related at the .01 level of statistical significance. Among the three standards, learner-centered learning management showed the strongest positive relationship with overall basic education standards management, followed by learner quality and administrative management.

The Effects of Professional Accounting Ethics on Audit Quality among Certified Public Accountants in Thailand

2026-07-17T16:33:53+07:00

This research examined the effects of professional accounting ethics on audit quality among Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in Thailand. A quantitative research design was used, with data collected via questionnaires from a sample of 249 Certified Public Accountants in Thailand. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The results showed that professional accounting ethics, integrity, objectivity and independence, confidentiality, professional behavior, and transparency had positive and statistically significant effects on audit quality at the 0.01 level, collectively accounting for 74.6% of the variance in audit quality. In contrast, professional knowledge and competence, due care, and adherence to professional performance standards were not found to have a statistically significant effect on audit quality. These findings indicate that audit quality is driven more by adherence to professional ethics and moral values than by knowledge or by following professional standards alone.

Implementation Challenges of Civil Servants' Competency Development in Indonesian Local Government

2026-07-22T13:24:06+07:00

This research aimed to: 1) explore the implementation challenges of the competency development approach for civil servants within the Surabaya City Government; and 2) identify the structural and organizational factors affecting the implementation of competency development programs. This study adopted a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with officials from the Regional Civil Service and Human Resource Development Agency (BKPSDM) of Surabaya City and supplemented with documentary analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of the implementation of competency development. The findings show that although the Surabaya City Government has established competency development programs supported by national regulations and local budget allocations, limited financial resources constrain the extent to which training needs identified through Training Needs Analysis (TNA) can be accommodated. These constraints encourage selective implementation through talent management, particularly the use of a nine-box matrix to prioritize employees based on performance, competency gaps, and development potential. However, selective implementation also raises concerns about equitable access to competency development. The study further identifies structural gaps among training content, job requirements, and career advancement. Although training contributes to employees’ knowledge and capabilities, its impact on career progression remains limited because promotions are influenced by formal educational requirements. Institutional capacity constraints, such as limited availability of facilitators and learning facilities, further limit the scale of competency development and encourage the adoption of digital and technology-enabled learning. The study suggests that local governments should integrate TNA into budget planning, strengthen the design of position-based training, establish clearer links between demonstrated competencies and career pathways, and balance strategic talent prioritization with equitable access to continuous learning.

Efficiency and Productivity Dynamics of Chinese Listed Commercial Banks: A DEA–Malmquist Analysis

2026-08-26T13:41:32+07:00

This study evaluates the operational efficiency and productivity dynamics of Chinese-listed commercial banks using a DEA-BCC framework and the Malmquist productivity index. Using quarterly panel data from 18 listed commercial banks in China from 2017 to 2024, the study measures and decomposes changes in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) into pure technical efficiency change (PEC), scale efficiency change (SEC), and technological change (TC). The results reveal that: (1) TFP fluctuates around unity in cycles, with technological progress the dominant driver; (2) pure technical efficiency shows considerable inter-bank variation, reflecting differences in managerial capacity and resource allocation; and (3) scale efficiency remains relatively stable across the sample period. Marked ownership heterogeneity also emerges. City commercial banks (CCBs) display the most balanced growth architecture, with PEC, SEC, and TC all exceeding unity (1.020, 1.025, and 1.015, respectively); joint-stock commercial banks (JSCBs) show balanced, moderate gains across all components (PEC = 1.008, SEC = 1.004, TC = 1.004); and state-owned commercial banks (SOBs) register the most constrained profile, with pure technical efficiency improving only marginally (PEC = 1.002). These findings imply that regulatory and governance responses should be ownership-specific: institutional reform to unlock pure technical efficiency gains in state-owned banks, differentiated technological innovation strategies for joint-stock banks, and an innovation-led transition for city commercial banks, with technological investment complemented by organizational adaptation.

Factors Associated with Life Satisfaction among Migrant Grandparent Caregivers in Sichuan Province, China

2026-08-26T13:38:24+07:00

This study aimed to (1) assess the level of life satisfaction among migrant grandparent caregivers in Sichuan Province, China; (2) examine the associations of policy implementation effectiveness, age-friendly community governance effectiveness, digital public service inclusiveness, and intergenerational relationship quality with life satisfaction. Data were collected from 385 migrant grandparent caregivers using a structured questionnaire with five-point Likert-scale measures. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis.

The results showed that migrant grandparent caregivers reported moderate life satisfaction. All four contextual factors were significantly and positively associated with life satisfaction. The regression model explained 28.0% of the variance in life satisfaction. Among the predictors, age-friendly community governance effectiveness had the strongest standardized association with life satisfaction, followed by digital public service inclusiveness, intergenerational relationship quality, and policy implementation effectiveness.

Theoretically, these findings empirically validate the integrated framework of Ecological Systems Theory and Person-Environment Fit in the context of late-life migration, demonstrating that life satisfaction is shaped by the interplay among multiple nested environmental systems (community, digital, family, and policy) rather than by family conditions alone. In practice, the results suggest that targeted interventions should prioritize enhancing age-friendly community governance and bridging the digital divide for older adults, as these proximal environmental factors show the strongest associations with their life satisfaction. Furthermore, fostering the quality of intergenerational relationships remains a crucial family-level support mechanism.

Developing a Deliberative Pracharath-Based Participation Model to Enhance Good Governance and Sustainable Local Democracy in Eastern Thailand

2026-09-08T12:21:39+07:00

This research aimed to (1) examine the patterns and levels of Pracharath-based participation in local development planning and monitoring; (2) investigate the characteristics of deliberative participation that promote good governance; and (3) develop a deliberative Pracharath-based participation model for good governance and sustainable local development. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was conducted in Sa Kaeo, Prachin Buri, and Nakhon Nayok Provinces, Thailand. The quantitative phase involved 400 respondents using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire whose content validity was assessed by three experts using the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC). Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The qualitative phase involved approximately 18-21 key informants; an additional 12-15 stakeholders contributed to model development, followed by contextual validation with approximately 6-8 stakeholders. Qualitative data were analyzed using content and thematic analyses. The findings showed that (1) overall Pracharath-based participation was moderate, with stakeholder inclusiveness receiving the lowest mean; (2) deliberative participation comprised five elements: quality of information and reasoning, equality of voice, transparency and accountability, linkage of deliberative outcomes to administration and decision-making, and process legitimacy; and (3) integration of the findings led to the Participatory Deliberative Governance Model (PDGM), linking Participation, Deliberation, Joint Decision-Making, and Governance Outcomes. The model was contextually reviewed for appropriateness but has not yet been empirically tested through implementation.

Dynamics of Public Service Adaptation in Thai Local Government Organizations through Glocalization Mechanisms under Globalization Trends

2026-07-21T11:52:20+07:00

This article examines the dynamics of public service adaptation in Thai local government organizations through glocalization mechanisms amid globalization trends. The objectives are fourfold: (1) to identify the major problems of public services in Thai local government organizations; (2) to explore approaches to solving these problems through glocalization mechanisms; (3) to analyze the challenges posed by globalization; and (4) to present the adaptive dynamics of public services in Thai local government organizations within the context of glocalization and globalization. The discussion highlights three key aspects: (1) the development of public service competencies by enhancing the capacity of personnel in local government organizations to meet expected standards; (2) effective public service delivery should be organized through commercial and social enterprise models, supported by technological innovation; and (3) the promotion of global governance in the future.

Thai-Chinese Performing Arts in the Cultural Market: A Critical Review of Music and Dance Exchange Frameworks

2026-06-27T01:07:38+07:00

This article presents a critical review of the scholarly literature on Sino-Thai performing arts exchange, examined through an integrated arts-market-management lens. Rather than reporting original empirical data, the review synthesizes 25 English- and Thai-language sources retrieved from the Thai-Journal Citation Index (TCI), Scopus, and Web of Science, published between 2010 and 2025, and selected through the systematic search-and-screening process described in the Methodology section. Drawing on arts market management, soft power theory, and intercultural performance theory, the review synthesizes findings across three thematic domains: (1) the historical and institutional foundations of Sino-Thai cultural exchange; (2) the dynamics of music and dance as instruments of bilateral soft power; and (3) the market-management challenges and opportunities shaping the sustainability of these exchanges. The review finds that while institutional mechanisms — including Confucius Institutes, bilateral cultural agreements, and state-sponsored performance tours — have built a robust structural foundation for exchange, the commercialization and professionalization of the performing arts market remain markedly under-theorized, particularly on the Thai side, and the existing literature remains predominantly descriptive rather than critically comparative. The article argues that an arts market management framework — integrating audience development, transnational co-production governance, and digital dissemination strategy — is needed to move Sino-Thai stage arts from a diplomatic gesture toward a sustainable cultural economy. The review closes with a four-point research agenda and practical implications for policymakers, arts managers, and performing arts practitioners.

The Development of Learning for Competency-Based Education Among Digital-Era Learners in Modern Thai Society

2026-05-12T13:40:28+07:00

This academic article aims to present a body of knowledge on the development of learning competencies among the new generation in Thai society in the digital age and to propose guidelines for developing learner competencies within educational institutions to support the new generation's learning development. Thailand is advancing its national development toward becoming a developed country through the 20-Year National Strategy (2018 - 2037) and the National Education Plan (2017 - 2036), using education to develop both Threshold Competencies and Differentiating Competencies among learners and to promote equity in education and lifelong learning. The advancement of learning toward competency development for the new generation—so as to equip them with the potential and capability in science, technology, and modern innovation that meet international quality standards—must arise from the design of systems and the improvement of 21st-century learning development processes through a paradigm shift. This requires knowledge and understanding of how to cultivate both specialized professional technical skills (hard skills) and emotional intelligence and the capacity for coexistence (soft skills), aligned with the characteristics of individuals and society in the new era. Furthermore, this process must cultivate moral integrity, ethics, and humanity characterized by honesty and responsibility, while adhering to the principles of good governance to enhance competitiveness in economic affairs, trade, and investment, as well as to foster cooperation within the global community—guided by a spirit of compassion and empathy toward others—so as to achieve a quality of life that is sustainable, balanced, and mutually harmonious.