Ratchaphruek Journal

Effects of Screen Use Behaviors on Mind, Behavior, Cognition, and Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

Jatuporn Namyen — 2024-08-20

Children and adolescents in the digital era have been increasingly spending more time on screen-based devices long before the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) situation. Additionally, they were also forced to rely more on digital technology for studying in online classes and searching for knowledge during the lockdown period, resulting in a significant increase in screen time for both educational purposes and screen-based recreational activities, such as playing video games, using social media and the internet, chatting through videoconference, and engaging in other fun activities. This academic article emphasizes screen use behaviors and their negative impacts on physical health, emotions, behavior, and cognition, including sedentary behaviors, mental illnesses, internalizing behaviors, and externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, the use of screen-based devices at a very early age can negatively impact a child’s brain and neural development, subsequently resulting in poor cognitive abilities, especially attention. Therefore, excessive use of screen-based devices can increase the risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms. As mentioned above, children and adolescents must be aware of harmful screen use behaviors and should be educated on pediatric guidelines for the appropriate use of screen-based devices. Parents, legal guardians, or caretakers should prioritize these guidelines to regulate and advise proper screen use behaviors among children and adolescents.

"Semantic Changes of Words": Causes and Consequences of Some Instances When Semantic Changes Occur in Thai Words, Considering a Comparison Between the New Meaning and the Original Meaning

Suwatchai Khotchaphet — 2024-08-20

The semantics of a word are a part of language that can change, as words do not possess only a single meaning, leading to the emergence of new meanings when compared to the original ones. This article presents two points: 1) the causes of semantic changes, and 2) some consequences of such changes in the Thai language, considering a comparison between the new and original meanings. The causes of semantic changes derive from six factors: 1) linguistic reasons, 2) historical and scientific progress, 3) social factors, 4) psychological reasons, 5) influence from foreign languages, and 6) the necessity for new terms. As for the consequences of semantic changes, there are two aspects: 1) effects on the scope of semantic changes, which include narrowing and broadening of meanings, influenced by temporal factors. Furthermore, the scope of semantic changes also expands through comparative usage, termed "metaphorical extension", and 2) effects on the evaluation of semantic changes, which include positive and negative changes, especially negative changes resulting from words becoming impolite or worse than before, potentially leading to these words becoming taboo.

The Relationship between Creative Leadership of School Administrators and a Happy Organization in Schools under the Samut Prakan Office of Secondary Education

Kanokwan Phannadee — 2024-08-20

The purposes of this research were to study the opinions of teachers on 1) the creative leadership of school administrators, 2) the happiness of organizations in schools, and 3) the relationship between the creative leadership of school administrators and the happiness of organizations in schools. This was a survey research study. The sample group comprised 322 teachers working in schools under the Samut Prakan Office of Secondary Education in the academic year 2023, selected through stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire with two sections and 70 items. For data analysis, Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient, means, standard deviations, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used.

The results showed that 1) the creative leadership of school administrators, according to teachers' opinions, was generally at a high level, 2) the happiness of organizations, as perceived by teachers, was also at a high level, and 3) there was a statistically significant correlation at the .01 level between the creative leadership of school administrators and the happiness of organizations in schools.

Art of Using Language in Sukhothai Local Literature: Phra Ruang Phra Lue Legendary Sukhothai Heroes by Mr. Kiang Chamni

Chusak Khemmongkhonsiri — 2024-08-20

The research article on the art of language use in Sukhothai local literature, titled "Phra Ruang Phra Lue, the Legendary Sukhothai Hero" by Mr. Kiang Chamni, aims to study and analyze the art of language use in this specific literary work. The research tool was the book "Phra Ruang Phra Lue, the Legendary Sukhothai Hero." The results of the research found that the local Sukhothai literature by Mr. Kiang Chamni demonstrates the art of language use, which can be classified into 10 types: the use of the Sukhothai dialect, repeated words, double words, colloquial words, foreign language words, simile, personification, hyperbole, and axioms. The unique highlight is the appropriate and interesting use of the Sukhothai language, showing that this literature has the art of language that creates enjoyment in reading. It is the provincial language of Sukhothai, which is easy to read and understand. The literature also includes insights that can be applied in everyday life, particularly in speech and communication. All of these language features create an image that is consistent with the essence of the story.

A Model of Dual Educational System Organization in the 21st Century of Schools under the Secondary Education Affiliated with the Regional Education Office 13

Thanvarith Kamphong — 2024-08-20

The objective of this research was to propose a Dual Educational System Organization Model for the 21st century for schools under the Secondary Education Affiliated with the Regional Education Office 13 by employing a multi-phase mixed methodology. The samples were: 1) 134 participants, selected through stratified random sampling, comprising school administrators, education system coordinators, teachers, and basic education committee members from secondary schools affiliated with the Regional Education Office 13; 2) four best practice schools in Dual Educational System Organization, purposively sampled; and 3) nine experts, purposively sampled for focus group discussions, comprising university professors, educational administrators, school administrators, and supervisors. Research instruments included questionnaires, interviews, and a model evaluation form. Data analyses involved percentages, averages, standard deviations, priority needs index, and content analysis.

Results indicated that: 1) both overall and in all aspects, evaluations of the current conditions were at a high level, respectively, while both overall and in all aspects, evaluations of the proposed model were at the highest level, respectively; and 2) the model of Dual Educational System Organization in the 21st century for schools under Secondary Education affiliated with the Regional Education Office 13 consists of 5 components, namely, 2.1) principles, 2.2) objectives, 2.3) procedures, 2.4) evaluation, and 2.5) conditions for success. The confirmation results for both the suitability and feasibility of the model were at the highest level.

Enhancing the Value-Added of Pesticide-Free Riceberry for Promoting the Local Economy with the Paganyaw Community Identity of Ban Mae San, Mae Sam Sub-District, Si Satchanalai District, Sukhothai Province

Thannapat Jarernpanit — 2024-08-20

This study aims to enhance the value of pesticide-free riceberry cultivated by the Paganyaw community in Ban Mae San, located in the Mae Sam Subdistrict of Si Satchanalai District, Sukhothai Province. The focus is on developing riceberry products, with active participation from community members in designing packaging and product branding. The packaging design will highlight the unique identity and traditional wisdom of the Paganyaw community, emphasizing their expertise in rice terrace farming and their location in a fertile watershed area. Sharing the product's story can enhance the value of the community's riceberry. Additionally, the packaging has been designed to meet standard vacuum sealing requirements, while the branding reflects the unique identity of the area. The branding is beautiful, modern, and detailed, telling stories that convey messages from community members to consumers. Moreover, online sales channels are being developed with the involvement of both the community and local administrative organizations. Through this entire process, riceberry products can be transformed into community products originating from Ban Mae San and Mae Sam Subdistrict. This initiative not only boosts the economic income of the community but also provides a return on investment ratio of 50% within 4 months.

A Study of the Relationship between Digital Leadership of School Administrators and Promotion of Teacher’s Innovative Thinking Skills under Phitsanulok Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

Narapat Saewa — 2024-08-20

The purposes of this research were to: 1) study the digital leadership of school administrators, 2) study the promotion of teachers' innovative thinking skills, and 3) examine the relationship between the digital leadership of school administrators and the promotion of teachers' innovative thinking skills under Phitsanulok Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. The sample consisted of 113 schools under Phitsanulok Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, selected using Krejcie and Morgan's table. The sample was taken using a stratified sampling method, identifying groups of informants, namely 113 school administrators and 113 teachers in educational institutions through random sampling. The research tool was a questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale, with reliability coefficients of 0.98 for part 1 and 0.99 for part 2. The statistics used in the data analysis were mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

The results of the study found that: 1) Digital leadership, in general, was at the highest level, 2) the promotion of teachers' innovative thinking skills, in general, was at the highest level, and 3) the relationship between the digital leadership of school administrators and the promotion of teachers' innovative thinking skills was at a moderate level of correlation, statistically significant at the .01 level.

Phenomenon-Based Learning for Learning Achievement Development and Critical Thinking for Grade 7 Students

Benjawan Hengkrathok — 2024-08-20

This study aimed to: 1) compare students’ learning achievement before and after learning, and their learning achievement against the 70 percent criterion, 2) compare students’ critical thinking before and after learning, and 3) study the learning conditions using phenomenon-based learning. The research sample group consisted of 29 grade 7 students from class 1/1 at Pakthongchai Prachaniramit School in the first semester of the academic year 2022, selected by cluster random sampling. The research instruments included lesson plans, a learning achievement test, a critical thinking test, an observation form, and a learning log form. Statistics used for data analysis were mean, percentage, standard deviation, t-test, and content analysis.

The research findings showed that: 1) students’ learning achievement was higher than before, but learning achievement after the lessons was less than the 70 percent criterion, statistically significant at the .05 level, 2) students’ critical thinking was statistically significantly higher than before at the .05 level, and 3) learning conditions using phenomenon-based learning created a conducive environment for active learning, where students played an active role, were enthusiastic, and were independent in their thinking. This created a classroom where diverse ideas were expressed, fostering good interactions.

Natural Resource Management Plan to Support Climate Change: A Case Study of Forest Resources in the Lam Takhong Watershed, Nakhon Ratchasima

Varatchaya Chueachanthuek — 2024-08-20

The purpose of this study is to propose a natural resource management plan to support climate change, specifically focusing on forest resources in the Lam Takhong Basin area, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. This qualitative research categorizes the abundance of forest resources into three levels: high fertility, medium fertility, and low fertility. The study includes the sub-districts of Pakchong, Kham Thale So, and Chaleom Phra Kiat in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The units used for analysis were: 1) group level, consisting of 30 household representatives and community leader representatives, 2) organizational level, including 2 provincial level organizations and 3 local level organizations. Data collection methods included group interviews and in-depth interviews using semi-structured interview guidelines, alongside participant interviews and participant observations conducted between July 2019 and April 2020. Data were analyzed and presented using descriptive analysis.

The results showed that a natural resource management plan to support climate change for the forest resources in the Lam Takhong Basin area, Nakhon Ratchasima Province consists of 1) a forest resource utilization plan, 2) a forest resource conservation plan, 3) a forest resource restoration plan, 4) a forest resource supervision and control plan, 5) a public participation plan in forest natural resources utilization, and 6) a plan for improving the efficiency of forest natural resources utilization.

The Development of Grade 6 Students’ Thai Literature Skills through Inquiry-Based Learning and Mind Mapping

Warisa Muenyong — 2024-08-20

This research studied the development of grade 6 students' Thai literature skills through inquiry-based learning and mind mapping. The purposes of this research were: 1) to develop a Thai literature learning plan for grade 6 students, 2) to compare learning achievement between pre-learning and post-learning, and 3) to study students' level of satisfaction towards learning through the learning plan. The sample consisted of 28 grade 6 students from Anubanwangsaipoon School during the second semester of the 2023 academic year, selected by simple random sampling. The research instruments were: 1) the Thai literature learning plan, 2) achievement tests for Thai literature learning, and 3) a questionnaire measuring student satisfaction. The statistical analyses utilized included mean, standard deviation, and t-test dependent.

The research results indicated that: 1) the results of considering the consistency and appropriateness of the elements in the learning plan yielded significantly high results (= 4.45, S.D. = 0.04), and 2) pre- and post-learning tests showed average scores of 10.75 and 24.54 respectively, and when comparing scores before and after studying, it was found that the students' post-test scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores (p < .05), and 3) the students' level of satisfaction was at a high level (= 4.48, S.D. = 0.12).

Academic Collaboration Model of the Teacher in a Secondary School Consortium

Watcharin Ruansuksud — 2024-08-20

The objectives of this research were: 1) to study the states and needs on academic cooperation of the teachers in a secondary school consortium as perceived by 258 school directors; 2) to construct the academic cooperation model of the teachers in a secondary school consortium as verified by 9 experts; 3) to implement the academic cooperation model of the teachers in a secondary school consortium with 30 teachers in Muang Buriram secondary school consortium; and 4) to evaluate the academic cooperation model of the teachers in a secondary school consortium by 11 experts and relevant stakeholders. The research instruments were questionnaires, interviews, and evaluation forms. The statistics used to analyze the data were percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

The findings revealed that: 1) the states and needs on academic cooperation of the teachers in a secondary school consortium were at a high level; 2) the academic cooperation model of the teachers in a secondary school consortium included 4 components, namely (1) teacher professional development, (2) learning management efficiency, (3) innovation and technology media for learning management, and (4) learners’ achievement enhancement; 3) the implementing result indicated that the items in learning management efficiency components before the implementation were at a fair quality while after the implementation was at the good quality; and 4) the evaluation result of the academic cooperation model of the teachers in a secondary school consortium found that the appropriateness, possibility, and utilization in overall were at a high level.

The Development of Literature Learning Achievement of Grade 6 Students: Exploring ‘Khun Chang Khun Phan’ in Its ‘Birth His Plai-Ngam’ Chapter through a Flipped Classroom Approach Utilizing the CIRC Technique

Supranan Suwanpanich — 2024-08-20

This research aims to develop the literature learning achievement of grade 6 students by exploring ‘Khun Chang Khun Phan’ in its ‘Birth of Plai-Ngam’ chapter through a Flipped Classroom approach utilizing the CIRC technique. The objectives are: 1) to develop a literature learning management plan, 2) to compare the learning outcomes of literature for grade 6 students, and 3) to evaluate the satisfaction of grade 6 students towards literature learning management. The sample group consisted of 11 grade 6 students from Wat Khong Karam School, Primary Education Area Office, Phichit District 2, Academic Year 2023, selected by purposive sampling. The research tools used include: 1) a literature learning management plan, 2) a test measuring the learning outcomes of literature, and 3) a questionnaire measuring the satisfaction of grade 6 students towards literature learning management. Statistical analyses utilized include mean, standard deviation, and dependent t-test.

Research findings indicate that: 1) The appropriateness of the components of the literature learning management plan yielded significantly high results (= 4.34, S.D. = 0.61), 2) The achievement of grade 6 students on pre- and post-learning tests showed average scores of 11.64 and 25.27 respectively, with a statistical significance of .05, and 3) Grade 6 students expressed the highest overall satisfaction (= 4.79, S.D. = 0.10)

A Study of Relationship between Personal Power Exercising of School Administrators and Teachers’ Performance Motivational Factors in Wangthong Educational Development Network 2 under Phitsanulok Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Suthida Sukchaona — 2024-08-20

The purposes of this research were to study 1) the level of personal power exercised by school administrators, 2) the level of teachers' performance motivational factors, and 3) the relationship between the personal power exercised by school administrators and teachers' performance motivational factors in Wangthong Educational Development Network 2, under Phitsanulok Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. The sample consisted of 136 administrators and teachers in the Wangthong Educational Development Network 2. Administrators were 14 people and teachers were 122 people. They were selected by specific and stratified sampling methods. The instrument used for collecting data was a questionnaire with 5 rating scales, with reliability coefficients of 0.96 for part 1 and 0.95 for part 2. The statistics used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, and Pearson product-moment correlation.

The research findings were as follows:
1. The level of personal power exercised by school administrators was high in all aspects. The aspect with the highest average was referent power, followed by expert power.
2. The level of teachers' performance motivational factors was high in all aspects. The aspect with the highest average was the motivation factor, followed by the hygiene factor.
3. The overall relationship between the personal power exercised by school administrators and teachers' performance motivational factors was positively related to the research hypothesis, with a statistically significant level of .01. The highest correlation was between referent power and the hygiene factor.

Relationships among Time Management, Academic Self-Efficacy, Mental Fatigue, and Academic Burnout of Undergraduates Since the COVID-19 Pandemic

Arunee Suttichainimit — 2024-08-20

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship among time management, academic self-efficacy, mental fatigue, and academic burnout in undergraduate students since the COVID-19 pandemic using a convergent mixed-method approach. Two groups of students participated in the research: 320 students for the quantitative study and 14 students, consisting of high and low academic burnout score groups, for the qualitative study. Findings revealed that the relationship model of time management, academic self-efficacy, mental fatigue, and academic burnout fit well with the empirical data (Chi-square = 15.87, df = 10, p = .10, CFI = 0.993, GFI = 0.990, and RMSEA = 0.043). The three variables in the model explained 57% of the variance in academic burnout. Mental fatigue was the most significant factor, followed by time management and academic self-efficacy, respectively. The qualitative study showed that there were three main themes in both high and low-score groups: 1) Academic burnout experiences, 2) Factors contributing to academic burnout, and 3) Coping with burnout.

Effects of Implementing Integrated Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Task-Based Learning Activities to Improve Vocational Students’ English Writing

Kanapod Tongnuan — 2024-08-20

The objectives of this study were to examine: 1) the effects of integrated computer-assisted language learning and task-based learning activities on the English writing ability of high vocational certificate students, and 2) students’ satisfaction with learning English through these integrated activities. The population consisted of 42 first-year high vocational certificate students majoring in General Management at a commercial college in Nakhon Ratchasima province. The sample included 22 first-year high vocational certificate students majoring in General Management, selected using the cluster sampling method. The research instruments were lesson plans, an English writing ability test, and a satisfaction questionnaire. Mean scores ( ), standard deviation (S.D.), and t-test were utilized to analyze the data.

The results revealed that the mean score of students’ English writing ability in the post-test was significantly higher than in the pre-test at the .05 level. Additionally, the students expressed the highest level of satisfaction with learning English through integrated computer-assisted language learning and task-based learning activities. This indicates that using these integrated learning activities can improve students’ English writing ability.