LEGAL MEASURES TO PROTECT URBAN TREES

Abstract

            The objective of this research was to investigate legal measures for the protection of urban trees. A qualitative research methodology was employed, utilizing a documentary research approach that involved the analysis of books, legal statutes, academic articles, reports, research papers, theses, websites, and other relevant documents concerning tree protection in urban areas. Data were analyzed using content analysis methods. The findings revealed that, in Thailand, the protection of trees is primarily governed by the Forest Act, B.E.2484 (1941) (amended in B.E.2562 (2019)), which focuses on the protection of reserved trees in forested areas. Additionally, specific conservation measures were established under the National Parks Act, B.E.2562 (2019) and the Wildlife Conservation and Protection Act, B.E.2562 (2019) to protect trees in national parks and wildlife conservation areas, respectively. However, it was found that no specific legislation explicitly addressed the protection of trees located within urban environments. As a result, tree removal in cities often occurred without sufficient knowledge or oversight, as relevant agencies operated within the boundaries of their own mandates. For example, the Provincial Electricity Authority was responsible for trimming or removing trees near power lines to prevent electrical hazards such as short circuits or lightning strikes, which frequently resulted in the complete removal of overhanging branches. In contrast, local administrative organizations were tasked with general tree maintenance. This fragmentation of responsibilities among various agencies created significant challenges for the protection and long-term management of large trees in urban settings. Based on these findings, the study recommended the establishment of a centralized agency under local administrative organizations specifically responsible for urban tree management. This agency should be equipped with defined qualifications, authority, and responsibilities related to arboriculture, including specialized tree care services for large trees. Furthermore, it should function as an advisory body to the government on the formulation and implementation of policies concerning the management of large urban trees.