Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law <p><strong>Aims and scope<br /></strong>The Public Health Policy and Laws Journal (PH.PL) is published by the Research Institute for Community Happiness and Leadership Foundation to serve the interests of both Thai and international social scientists and researchers. The aim is to publish high-quality research papers in various areas of social sciences, such as health policy, health law, social medicine, health education, health economics, health system; public health administration; and matters related to all types of public health. Contributions to the journal can be made as either research or review articles. The journal is published as a periodical, with three issues annually in January, May, and September.</p> <p>Types of articles that people are interested in are research articles, academic articles, academic perspectives on Public Health, and interesting laws</p> <p><strong>The period for consideration</strong> of articles is no less than 7 days.</p> <p><strong>Quality of articles: </strong></p> <p>The quality of the research articles was assessed by 3 peer reviewers from various institutions.</p> en-US <ul> <li class="show">เนื้อหาและข้อมูลในบทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารกฎหมายและนโยบายสาธารณสุข ถือเป็นข้อคิดเห็นและความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียนบทความโดยตรงซึ่งกองบรรณาธิการวารสาร ไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นด้วย หรือร่วมรับผิดชอบใด ๆ</li> <li class="show">บทความ ข้อมูล เนื้อหา รูปภาพ ฯลฯ ที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ในวารสารกฎหมายและนโยบายสาธารณสุข ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารฯ หากบุคคลหรือหน่วยงานใดต้องการนำทั้งหมดหรือส่วนหนึ่งส่วนใดไปเผยแพร่ต่อหรือเพื่อกระทำการใด ๆ จะต้องอ้างอิงเสมอ</li> </ul> nithats@gmail.com (Research Institute for Community Happiness and Leadership Foundation) phlaw.journal@gmail.com (Khun Anongnut Boonrueangnam) Thu, 09 Jan 2025 13:07:38 +0700 OJS 3.3.0.8 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Content https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/278036 Admin Copyright (c) 2025 https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/278036 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 Policy Proposal to Address the Decentralization of Public Health: Transferring of Sub-district Health Promotion Hospitals to Provincial Administrative Organizations https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/275345 <p>This article explores the operational challenges encountered by Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospitals, following the transfer of responsibilities to Provincial Administrative Organizations<strong>. </strong>The study specifically focuses on the issue of epidemiological operations<strong>. </strong>A systematic literature review, combined with thematic analysis, is employed to address three key issues arising from this transfer of responsibilities<strong>.</strong></p> <p>Several challenges were identified in the epidemiological operations of Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospitals<strong>: </strong>1) insufficient personnel and resources, 2) inadequate coordination and collaboration, 3) poor data quality, and 4) the absence of clear operational guidelines and standards<strong>. </strong>Based on these findings, the author proposes following policy recommendations<strong>: </strong>1) establishing of standardized guidelines for epidemiological operations, 2) development of workforce plans and personnel capacity<strong>-</strong>building, and 3) integration of data management systems and promotion of collaborative operations<strong>.</strong></p> <p>Key issues: Epidemiological work is primarily managed by local government organizations, but transferring of this responsibility has led to a lack of continuity in operations, including data management, disease surveillance, prevention and control, as well as capacity building for personnel. Additionally, there is an absence of clear guidelines for conducting epidemiological activities.</p> <p>Implications: Advocating for a policy proposal with aims to enhance the efficiency of epidemiological management, by improving personnel, resources, and establishing standardized operational guidelines.</p> Virasakdi DechAran, Somsiri Decharat, Bhunyabhadh Chaimay Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/275345 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 Thailand’ s Approach to The Implementation of The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276929 <p>As a party to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2000,(“Cartagena Protocol”) Thailand is bound by the principle of pacta sunt servanda as reflected in Article 26 of the Vienna Convention on the Laws of Treaty, 1969 to implement the Cartagena Protocol. However, at the time of this Article, Thailand still has no law to implement the Cartagena Protocol. However, the Draft Act on Biosafety B.E. …….. (“Draft Act”) has been prepared for further implementation of the Cartagena Protocol.</p> <p> Analyses of the Draft Act reveal that the Draft Act, in general, conforms to the objective of the Cartagena Protocol and covers measures articulated in the Cartagena Protocol. In addition, The Draft Act should be added new definitions to certain terms not found in the Cartagena Protocol including criteria for the contained use of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) therefore, rendering the Draft Act to be more succinct and apprehensible.</p> <p>With respect to measures for biosafety of LMOs, the Draft Act not only focuses on biosafety for transboundary movement of LMOs through import, export and transit thereof by or via Thailand but also deals with those LMOs originated in Thailand. The Draft Act thus offers comprehensive biosafety measures for both transboundary and domestic LMOs.</p> Molvipa Saisoonthorn Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276929 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 Consumer Protection under the Consumer Case Procedure Law of Thailand https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/277322 <p>Nowadays, consumers are increasingly buying and selling goods or services online. Business operators are also increasingly competitive. This has led to business operators finding strategies to entice consumers to buy their products. However, some business operators use incorrect strategies that have caused damage to consumers. Consumers’ claims for damage must go through the court process. However, in Thailand, most business operators have more bargaining power than consumers, and most business operators usually have more money to spend on litigation than consumers. As a result, consumers who have been damaged do not file lawsuits in court and do not receive compensation for the damage. Therefore, to help reduce this problem, Thailand has enacted a specific Consumer Procedure Act. This article discusses Thailand’s Consumer Case Procedure Act and analyze its advantages. The analysis found that the Consumer Case Procedure Act, B.E. 2551 has various criteria that are beneficial to consumers in filing lawsuits, starting from procedure in court of first instance, appeal and dika appeal. Therefore, relevant agencies, such as the Office of the Consumer Protection Board, the Consumers Council, or the courts, should provide more knowledge on consumer litigation under the Consumer Case Procedure Act, B.E. 2551 to consumers.</p> Thanadchapon Kungsung Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/277322 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 An Analysis of Relation factors causing healthcare workers in Chulabhorn hospital by Needlestick and sharps injuries https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/274681 <p>Most of the healthcare workers’ injuries in hospitals involve the use of needlestick and sharps objects. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study and explain the factors including personnel, equipment and environment that affect injuries of the healthcare workers in Chulabhorn hospital. Using a. cross-sectional study research model, a sample group of 301 healthcare workers in 7 job positions were recruited. Data were collected by using online Google Form questionnaires. Analysis conducted for descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was employed to test research hypotheses. Data analysis was conducted with the SPSS Version 18 package.</p> <p> The results of this research found that most of the job positions at risks for needles and sharp injuries are nurses. The most common occurrence is in the inpatient ward. And the event occurred most with the left index finger. Factors that are not affect accidents include job position, gender, age, work experience and education level, with statistically significant (p&lt;0.05).</p> <p> In conclusion, it can be concluded that the following factors: people, equipment, and the environment are important to work. Providing appropriate equipment for work; suitable working environment; providing stress relief program for employees; and promote leisure and health care policies to reduce the risk of accidents among healthcare worker as much as possible. This will result in less risks for accidents, caused by needle sticks and sharp injuries at work.</p> Sasikan Keawyod, Amarin Kongtawelert, Jutatip Sillabutra Copyright (c) 2025 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/274681 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 The Operating According to Principle of Biosafety and Biosecurity of Medical Laboratory Staff at the Hospitals under the Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/274894 <p> This research was a cross-sectional study aimed to study the operation according to the principle of Biosafety and Biosecurity of Medical Laboratory staff at the hospitals under the Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health. The sample comprised 260 participants of Medical Laboratory staff in Community Hospital with at least one year experience in the Medical Laboratory. The data was collected through self-administered questionnaires developed by the researcher. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square, Fisher Exact test and Binary Logistic Regression.</p> <p>The study showed that the medical laboratory staff had a high level of operation. Age, job title, the possession of samples suspected or infected by pathogens, awareness of criteria procedures and conditions for medical diagnosis process in accordance with Section 27 of the Pathogens and Animal Toxins Act, B.E. 2558 (2015), were significantly related to the operation. The chosen level of statistical significance was set at 0.05 level. And the possession of samples suspected or infected by pathogens, awareness of criteria, procedures, and conditions for medical diagnosis process influences the operation according to the principle of Biosafety and Biosecurity.</p> <p>The study findings suggest that a person who works with pathogens should study and strictly follow the law. Hospital administrators must control or supervise subordinates to carry out legal procedures correctly. Law enforcement agencies have improved the process of communicating, disseminating, providing knowledge and guidelines for complying with the law effectively.</p> Sutharinee Chanthon, Chardsumon Prutipinyo, Juthatip Sillabutra Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/274894 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 Factors Affecting the Operation of the Community Health Security Funds in Mueang Chumphon District, Chumphon Province https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/275649 <p>This research aimed to study: (1) Performance of the Community Health Security Funds (CHSFs) in Muang Chumphon District, Chumphon Province and (2) personal factors and supportive factors affecting the operations of the Community Health Security Funds in Mueang Chumphon district, Chumphon province.</p> <p> This survey research involved 323 members of the CHSF Committees in Mueang Chumphon. The research tool used was a 3-part questionnaire with reliability measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.743 and 0.889, respectively. Data were collected and then analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages, means, standard deviations) and inferential statistics using multiple linear regression analysis.</p> <p> The results revealed that: (1) The majority of them were men, aged 51–60 years, with a bachelor degree, living in the area for 41–50 years, and had served as CHSF committee members for 0–5 years. The overall score for CHSF operations in the district were at the highest level. (2) Personal factors (education level, duration of local residence, and committee membership) and supportive factors (working system, administrative style, capability, shared values, technology, and laws) significantly affected the CHSF operations in Mueang Chumphon district, with predictive power of 56.1%.</p> Chalermphon Rattanalapho, Akaphol Kaladee, Warangkana Chankong Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/275649 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 Impact of Changes in Population Structure on the Smoking Prevalence of the Thai Population https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/275704 <p> Over the past two decades, the smoking prevalence among Thai population aged 15 years and older has shown a declining trend. This reduction may be attributed to various factors such as tobacco consumption control, changes in tobacco industry marketing strategies, tobacco taxes, and demographic changes. Notably, the demographic changes in Thailand are evident with a decrease in the population of children and working-age individuals, an increase in the elderly population, and a rise in migration from rural to urban areas.</p> <p> This research aims to analyze the impact of demographic changes on smoking prevalence. Data used in this study are collected from surveys on smoking and alcohol consumption conducted in the years 2001, 2005, 2009, 2011, 2015, and 2017, as well as health behavior data from 2021 surveyed by the National Statistical Office. According to a decomposition analysis of smoking prevalence, the study examines the effects of smoking prevalences and population mobility among groups, categorized by economic and social backgrounds.</p> <p> The results showed that changes in household demographic structure have been factors hindering the reduction in smoking prevalences in almost every period. Except the increase in smoking prevalences by 0.14% between 2007 and 2011 that was mainly due to population migration between regions. This findings are useful for the design of more effective strategies to further reduce Smoking Prevalences. </p> Natita Wangsoh, Isra Sarntisart Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/275704 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 Factors Affecting Personnel Participation in Financial Strategy Implementation at Community Hospitals in Loei Province https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276021 <p>This analytical study aimed to identify factors affecting personnel participation, according to financial strategy implementation at community hospitals in Loei province. The study had a sample size of 160 personnel. Data were collected with a questionnaire and analyzed for descriptive statistics. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was also employed.</p> <p>The results indicated that, majority were registered nurses at the operation level, with a tenure of 10 years, in medium-size community hospitals; the factors related to financial administration as per 7-S McKinsey concept, structure, strategies, management system/tactics, human resources, and shared value as organization members, were at a high level; while those related to skills, knowledge and capacities were at a moderate level; and four factors significantly affecting their participation in overall financial strategy implementation at community hospitals in the province (p &lt; 0.05), in descending order, were skills, knowledge, capabilities, executive position level for human resources and administration style. Therefore, we should develop the potential of personnel in executive position, especially directors of community hospitals. Training on skills, knowledge, and capabilities of personnel should be provided; needs and adequacy of personnel should be analyzed, and selected appropriate personnel in financial management should be planned, to enable every level of personnel to participate in financial strategies implementation.</p> Thanisara Thitisiripong, Nittaya Pensirinapa, Akaphol Kaladee Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276021 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 Factors related to exercise behavior of village health volunteers at Khao Wiset Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital, Wang Wiset District, Trang Province https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276265 <p>This study is a descriptive study. The objective was to study factors related to exercise behavior of village health volunteers at Khao Wiset Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital, Wang Wiset District, Trang Province. The sample group comprised of 77 people. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics was analyzed for frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was employed to test hypotheses.</p> <p> Results indicated that overall exercise behavior of village health volunteers was at a moderate level ( =2.41, SD=0.676). Relationship analysis for personal characteristics had a statistically significant relationship at the 0.05 level. As for predisposing factor, there are relationships in all three areas: knowledge, and perception of health conditions had a statistically significant relationship at the 0.01 level, while attitude had a statistically significant relationship at the 0.05 level. Findings from this research can be used for setting guidelines for developing exercise behavior of village health volunteers as a model for communities’ members and other health service networks.</p> Rungdaw Udompruksa, Tawatchai Sunthonnon Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276265 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 The Influence of Health Literacy on Alcohol Consumption Behavior: A Case Study in the Area Under the Responsibility of Ban Kong Sao Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital, Nabon District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276404 <p>&nbsp;&nbsp; This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the level of health literacy, alcohol drinking behavior, and the influence of health literacy on alcohol drinking behavior in the area under the responsibility of Ban Kong Sao Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital, Nabon District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The sample consisted of 130 individuals, selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a health literacy assessment and an alcohol drinking problem assessment. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp; The results showed that the overall level of health literacy among alcohol drinkers was mostly insufficient, accounting for 43.08%. The majority of participants exhibited risky drinking behavior (50.77%), followed by low-risk drinking (23.85%), hazardous drinking (18.46%), and alcohol dependence (6.92%). Multivariate analysis of health literacy factors influencing alcohol drinking behavior revealed that individuals with problematic and insufficient access to health information were 5.51 times more likely to engage in hazardous or dependent drinking compared to those with excellent or sufficient skills (OR=5.51, 95%CI: 1.82-16.68). Therefore, comprehensive development of health information access skills among drinkers is necessary, along with community participation in addressing the issue.</p> Natthiya Chuphong, Boonruang Khaonuan, Chakkarin Parimanon Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276404 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 Factors associated with herbal medicine prescription by health care providers in the primary care unit at Nonthaburi province https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276905 <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;This study is cross-sectional research to study the factors associated with the prescription of herbal medicines by public health providers in primary healthcare units in Nonthaburi Province. The sample group consisted of 230 public health providers assigned to perform medical examination, diagnosis, and prescription duties for patients receiving services in primary care units. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test with a statistical significance level of &lt; 0.05.<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The research results showed that the prescription of herbal medicines by public health providers was at a high level. Factors significantly associated with the prescription of herbal medicines by public health providers in primary care units in Nonthaburi Province at the 0.05 statistical significance level included age, current position, work experience in the current position, experience in prescribing herbal medicines, knowledge of herbal medicines in the National List of Essential Medicines, attitudes toward herbal medicines in terms of confidence in their quality, effectiveness, and safety; challenges and obstacles in prescribing herbal medicines; and promotion of herbal medicine use. Additional factors included awareness of policies supporting herbal medicines, the herbal medicine system, support for prescribing herbal medicines from subdistrict health-promoting hospitals, and access to information about herbal medicines.<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The results of this study provide empirical evidence for policymakers to use in planning, improving operational practices, and developing guidelines for the appropriate promotion of herbal medicine use in primary service units moving forward.<br><strong>Keywords:</strong> The Prescribing Herbal Medicine; Public Health Providers; Primary Care Unit</p> Chontiwa Thongrat, Sariyamon Tiraphat, Youwanuch Sattayasomboon Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276905 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 Self-leadership, Emotional Intelligence, and Organizational Atmosphere related to The Job Performance of Registered Nurses at Medical Correctional Institution https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276928 <p> </p> <p>This is a cross-sectional research, aimed at examining the association of self-leadership, emotional intelligence, organizational climate, and their impact on the job performance of registered nurses at the Medical Correctional Institution. The population of the study consisted of 134 registered nurses working at the Medical Correctional Institution, without random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire, validated for content and tested for reliability. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and Chi-square tests.</p> <p>The results indicated that self-leadership, emotional intelligence, and organizational climate were significantly correlated with the job performance of registered nurses at the Medical Correctional Institution at the 0.01 level. Registered nurses with a high level of self-leadership (X² = 55.391, p &lt; .001) demonstrated a high level of job performance. Similarly, registered nurses with a high emotional intelligence (X² = 38.623, p &lt; .001) also showed a high level of job performance. Additionally, registered nurses working in a positive organizational atmosphere (X² = 44.275, p &lt; .001) had a high level of job performance.</p> <p>Based on these findings, policy recommendations suggest that hospital administrators should focus on providing training skills related to nursing activities, self-leadership, and emotional intelligence. Additionally, efforts should be made to enhance the organizational atmosphere in order for registered nurses to perform their duties effectively.</p> Nisachol Rainuae, Youwanuch Sattayasomboon, Sariyamon Tiraphat Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276928 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 Electronic Cigarette Product, Price, Promotion and Advertising Situation Study in Social Media Network https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276944 <p> This article aimed to investigate electronic cigarette products in five areas: 1) product situation 2) pricing situation 3) promotion situation 4) sales channels situation and 5) advertising and communication. This study used a qualitative approach and online survey. Result found 10 types of electronic cigarette products, disposable e-cigarette was the most popular one. Price situation showed decreased prices, focusing on offering good value for money. In terms of sales channels situation, 300 online stores were discovered in 2022 across six major platforms, with an increase to 459 stores in 2023. These platforms included website (23%), Line Shopping (21%), YouTube (20%), Facebook (15%). Twitter (12%) and Instagram (9%). The Line platform was mostly employed among sellers due to its private nature, allowing sellers to avoid legal scrutiny. The study found 22 advertising techniques, sellers used product photos with short messages to advertise on TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook. Demonstration of the product (such as smoking or using e-cigarette) was featured on YouTube and TikTok while YouTubers and reviewers had a significant role in influencing followers and spreading information. Live streaming proved to be the most effective method of engaging viewers. The study concluded that self-regulation by social media platforms was ineffective, since sellers used social media platforms to avoid regulations and laws.</p> Sirach Lapyai Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/276944 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700 The Development of Sustainable Waste and Excreta Management System: A Case Study of Ban Lat District, Phetchaburi Province https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/277164 <p>This research aimed to develop a sustainable garbage and waste management system in Ban Lat District, Phetchaburi Province, and to evaluate its effectiveness. The research participants in phase one were 80 people. Data were collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews. The sample in phase two was 356 people. Data were collected through the level of participation questionnaires.</p> <p>The first phase of this study found that the sustainability of waste and excreta management systems in Ban Lat District, Phetchaburi Province, was achieved through participation in all processes by all sectors. This was driven by the District Quality of Life Development Committee (DQDC), which comprises representatives from the government, private, and public sectors. This collaborative effort led to community-driven actions involving shared planning, implementation, evaluation, and benefit receiving. The second phase of the study, which evaluated the level of participation, revealed that participation across all four dimensions was at a high level. The joint receiving benefit satisfaction dimension was highest (mean = 4.15±0.62). The project results were innovations and creative works and a sub-district model that can be a model for the other sub-districts in the future.</p> <p>Recommendations 1) The sustainable garbage and waste management system with community participation should be expanded to semi-rural and semi-urban communities. 2) Longitudinal research should be conducted to study the persistence of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors.</p> Chao Tongma Copyright (c) 2024 Public Health Policy and Laws Journal https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/277164 Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700