Parichart Journal

ISAN Murals: Research Status and Policy Consistency of ‘Creative Economy’ in Thailand

Kittanut Yanpisit — 2024-03-08

The National Policy on Creative Economy formulated in the year 2002 and from the year 2018, Thai government established a public organization ‘Creative Economy Agency’ to implement the policy. Under The 12^th. National Social and Economic Development Plan (2017-2021 A.D) with the 20-year National Strategy as the principal policy, major concept based on Creative Economy toward achievements constructing on national arts and cultures. This review article explored all academic articles on ‘Isan Murals’ because they have been considered Isan culture and folk visual arts. All pieces of knowledge were reviewed to accumulate, classify, analyze, and synthesize in order to create the most updated and its benchmark. In addition, it is a learning to understand and conclude how much Isan mural is in consistent with Thailand’s Creative Economy policies. The final outcomes are included having practical body of knowledge and policy recommendations for the upcoming Creative Economy implementations.

Developing Entrepreneurial Skills for Vulnerable Students in Pattani

Sansanee Chanarnupap — 2024-03-08

This research article aimed to develop entrepreneurial skills of vulnerable students by means of action research. The study site was one of the ragged schools in Pattani Province. The Sample group was a total of 30 secondary school students which was selected by a purposive sampling method. The process of entrepreneurial skills development was adhered to the action research spiral which was comprised of 4 stages: 1. plan 2. act 3. observe, and 4. reflect. Duration of the study was 12 months (May 2022 - May 2023). The measurement and evaluation of the entrepreneurial skill development was done at the end of developmental process, by using competency assessment forms. The results exhibited that the student’s capability for all three dimensions was at good level. The average scores for entrepreneurial attribute, knowledge, and skill were 3.65 (from the full score of 5), 12.93 (from the full score of 20), and 32.50 (from the full score of 42), respectively. Our research results illustrated that even with low socioeconomic status and low background academic performance, these vulnerable students had potential to be developed for higher learning and entrepreneurial competency. A teacher was arguably a desirable change agent in driving that student’ development in learning and entrepreneurial ability. Concerning the country’s situation on poverty and inequality at the present time, entrepreneurship education, particularly for vulnerable students, could be proposed as a policy for the reduction of generational poverty.

Mitigating Linguistic Devices Utilized via Public Figures Interview: A Case Study of Thai Celebrities and Politicians

Sumalee Phonkhunsap — 2024-03-08

The objective of this research was to study the mitigating linguistic devices employed by public figures in the entertainment industry and political group when they were interviewed. Interviewed videos which were broadcasted on YouTube website since November, 1, 2022 to April, 30, 2023 were used as data. They included1) entertainment news program, entitled ‘Nine Entertain Official’, 2) ‘The Secret Sauce’, and 3) ‘Euai talk’. The result revealed that there were six linguistic devices used by celebrities: 1. mitigating quantity, 2. expressing opinion, 3. predicting, 4. ambiguity, 5. substituting another word upon the mitigating one, and 6. humor. When Thai politicians were interviewed, there were also six devices being applied: 1.expressing opinion, 2. predicting, 3. mitigating quantity, 4. ambiguity, 5. substituting another word upon the mitigating one, and 6. conditional sentence. In terms of sociocultural factors related to utilizing the linguistic devices, the findings revealed that the devices and contents toward celebrities and politicians reflected mutualism, affiliative society, gratitude, awareness of contexts and social interactions, fun, utilizing Thai idioms, morality, and Buddhist doctrines.

The Metaphorical Meanings of Animals and Cultural and Social Reflections of Tak-Bai (Je-Hay) Proverbial Idioms

Yutthichai Uppakandee — 2024-03-08

This article aims to study the metaphorical meanings of animals including metaphorical meaning procedures in Tak-Bai (Je-Hay) proverbial idioms, and investigate cultural and social reflections on animals in Tak-Bai (Je-Hay) proverbial idioms. The data were collected from Tak-Bai with Malay Proverbial Idioms, the book from the Southern Thai Tak-Bai Dialect Conservation project by Narathiwat Provincial Cultural Office. There are 45 proverbs and idioms relating to animals that are categorized using componential analysis. The results reveal seven types of metaphorical meanings consisting of metaphorical meaning of humans, metaphorical meaning of qualifications, metaphorical meanings of actions, metaphorical meanings of symptoms, metaphorical meanings of habits, metaphorical meaning of dangers, and other types of metaphorical meanings. With regards to animal categorizations, 18 groups of animals used in Tak-Bai proverbs were birds, cows, chickens, ants, dogs, cats, deer, fish, snakes, monitor lizards, chameleons, tigers, turtles, lizards, hornets, crocodiles, buffalo, and lice. The animal mostly used in proverbs is chicken. For cultural and social reflections on animals in Tak-Bai (Je-Hay) proverbial idioms, five aspects were found: geography, occupation, sports, traditional games, animal raising, and values. In addition, some animal terms were not used in Thai central proverbs. Instead, some appeared in Tak-Bai proverbs and idioms, for example, rattlesnake, cuckoo egg, and Lan (monitor lizard). It significantly shows the difference between central and Tak-Bai proverbs and idioms. Also, it reflects the uniqueness of such local proverbs.

Intercultural Competence of Ethnic Novice Students In Phrapariyattidhamma Schools

Teerapong Yuenman — 2024-03-08

The purpose of this quantitative research was to study and compare the intercultural competences (intercultural attitudes, intercultural knowledge, intercultural skills, and intercultural communication behavior) of novice students in Phrapariyattidhamma Schools in Phayao Province with different ethnic groups, educational levels, and Dharma scholar levels. Deardorff’s pyramid model of intercultural competence (2004) and process model of intercultural competence (2006) were employed as conceptual frameworks. A questionnaire was used to collect data from all novice students who were enrolled across four Phrapariyattidhamma Schools during the academic year 2021. This study encompassed a total of 397 participants. The statistics used for data analysis included descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation) and inference statistics (independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA). The result showed that the overall intercultural competence of novice students was at a high level (=3.47), which consisted of the element of intercultural communication behavior (=3.63) and intercultural attitude (=3.52) which were at a high level, as well as intercultural knowledge (=3.39) and intercultural skills (=3.35) which were at a moderate level. Moreover, the hypothesis testing showed that (a) intercultural competence of novice students was not varied by different ethnic groups, and (b) intercultural communication behavior was varied according to different educational levels, at a statistically significant level at 0.05. Similarly, (c) intercultural competence of novice students was varied according to different Dharma scholar levels, with a statistically significant level at 0.05.

Concept and Creativity in Music Composition: Spirit of Kaoseng Beach for Woodwind Quintet and Percussions

Darunee Anukool — 2024-03-08

Music Composition Spirit of Kaoseng Beach for Woodwind Quintet and Percussions aimed to 1) create a music composition in which was inspired by the elegance of morning sunlight blending with boat motor sound of local fishermen at the Kaoseng Beach in Songkhla, and 2) present a style of music composition that mixes local southern music with western music by exploring knowledge, ideas, and related theory to synthesize them and adapt into creating music composition. Regarding this music composition, various components from Rong-Ngeng, a type of southern folk performing arts, such as rhythmic folk patterns and percussion instruments called ‘Rebana’ are integrated with western musical composition method, such as modulation, augmentation, and pedal tone to display the music composition which is infused of style and color of southern folk music, in which will further develop local southern culture into being more international that enhances aesthetics and musical academic matters.

Cultivating the Constitution in Civic Education for Lower Secondary School (M.1-4) in the Lao People's Democratic Republic

Pitipat Chotkamonsawad — 2024-03-08

This article explores the cultivation of constitutional values within the Civic Education textbooks used in lower secondary school (M.1-4) in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Employing a documentary research methodology, the study focuses on the analysis of Civic Education textbooks that remain central to the current education system in Laos. The primary objective centers on the cultivation of the rights and obligations of citizens, which are categorized into five groups—1) rights and obligations of Children within families, 2) rights and obligations of citizens in relation to peace in society, 3) rights and obligations of Citizens in relation to culture and economy, 4) rights and obligations of citizens, and 5) rights and obligations of citizens to protect the state. All of five groups are designed to ensure the proper exercise of rights and obligations by Lao citizens, as prescribed by law, for the maintenance of societal peace. Additionally, this article finds that the content related to rights and obligations in these textbooks considers the age range of students and incorporates various issues through short stories within the chapters. This approach emphasizes that all Lao citizens, irrespective of their backgrounds, have equal access to their rights and responsibilities. In terms of recommendations, it is suggested that issues related to qualifications and culture should be further studied. While not formally defined in the law, they form a pattern that is implemented alongside legal provisions to enhance the comprehensiveness of civic education.

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention: A Systematic Review

Thanaphol Klittayanont — 2024-03-08

This research was aimed at synthesizing the factors that influence entrepreneurial intention by using a systematic review. The samples were research articles that were searched in the Google Scholar database and published from 2014 to 2023. Selection criteria included research related to entrepreneurial intention by considering keywords, abstracts, research titles, and meeting the qualification requirements determined by the researcher. The research methodology is a systematic review. The research tool consists of three parts: 1) a research screening form, 2) a research quality evaluation form, and 3) a data extraction form. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The researcher and an educational expert evaluated the research articles. The results showed that the research was derived from 800 articles, but there were five articles that have passed the final evaluation criteria. The findings concluded that the factors that influenced entrepreneurial intentions were: 1) personal attitude, 2) discrepancies based on social norms, and 3) perceived behavioral control. The above factors influenced the intention to be an entrepreneur for a population group. All three factors are consistent with Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior, which identifies factors that affect a person's entrepreneurial intentions.

Production Process Innovation for Pineapple Fiber Product Development

Jutamas Prommontree — 2024-03-08

The objectives of this research were to 1) develop prototype products from pineapple fiber and 2) test satisfaction of prototype products made from pineapple fibers. This research used a mixed research method combining quantitative research with a participatory action research. A focus group was arranged to brainstorm ideas and suggestions on home decoration items made of pineapple fibers. The participants included 41 stakeholders from public and private sectors as well as those of a future target group. Concerning collection of data on market testing, it was undertaken by using online questionnaires. There were 4 aspects in the questionnaires: function, beauty, price, and sentimental value. 325 respondents included 22 foreigners and 303 Thais. For data analysis, they were frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings derived from the brainstorming revealed it should increase value adding to other aspects, in addition to pineapple fibers. This could be done, for example, through creating product concepts, creating various products based on customers’ age range, using other products to create stories or to encourage their uniqueness. For instance, for the products that showed community identity, a set of 5 products used for home decoration were created: a vase, a lamp, a curtain, a wallpaper and a set of placemats and glass coasters. Regarding the satisfaction data of the target customer groups, all product types were rated at high levels ranging from 3.88 – 4.38 with the standard deviation from 0.42 – 0.60.

Southern Thai Dialect Words in Southern Regional Literature

Pornpan Khemakhunasai — 2024-03-08

This research study aims to investigate southern Thai dialect words in southern regional literature in terms of literal meaning, connotative meaning, lexical variation, and social and cultural reflection. This is a documentary research project collecting data on southern Thai dialect words from eleven southern regional literatures by analyzing, classifying, and categorizing those words, which were categorized into the categories of nouns, verbs, and modifiers. The analysis results revealed that there were 38 nouns with equivalent literal meaning and connotative meaning, consisting of 28 varied words and 26 words reflecting social and cultural images; 56 verbs with equivalent literal meaning and connotative meaning, consisting of 33 varied words and 25 words reflecting social and cultural images; and 23 modifiers with equivalent literal meaning and connotative meaning, consisting of 14 varied words and 5 words reflecting social and cultural images. It indicated that Thai dialect words have literal meaning in both literature and daily life. Although there has been lexical variation, it has a connotative or secondary meaning and reflects Thai southern society and culture.

Establish a Participatory Learning Center for Creative Cultural Management of Ceramics in Chenlu Ancient Town

Feng Xin — 2024-03-08

The research is based on the concept of “Chenlu Ancient Town Ceramics”. The purposes of the study is to: (1) study and analyze the ceramics of Chenlu Ancient Town and summarize the characteristics and value of Chenlu Ancient Town ceramic culture, and (2) establish a participatory learning center so as to construct a management project to promote the development of creative culture in Chenlu Ancient Town and develop the unique tourism of Chenlu Ancient Town. The researchers conducted research in Chenlu Ancient Town, Shaanxi Province, China using such methods as literature review, on-site investigations, and interdisciplinary research. By studying the existing ceramic products and processes in the town, we thus summarized the creative cultural connotations of Chenlu Ancient Town ceramics. The results showed that the landscape and ceramic culture of Chenlu Ancient Town had economic benefits and artistic values. By analyzing the characteristics and values of the ceramic cultural landscape of Chenlu Ancient Town, a project management for a participatory learning center was constructed. The project was divided into three central areas, namely the Ceramic Experience Center, the Ceramic Exhibition Center, and the Ceramic Design Center. The aim was to protect and develop the ceramic cultural resources of Chenlu Ancient Town, promote the creative cultural development of Chenlu Ancient Town, and develop its unique tourism features.

Prototype Application for Tracking and Helping the Elderly in Flood Situations

Waraporn Tanongsak — 2024-03-08

This research aimed to develop a prototype application for tracking and helping the elderly in flood situations and to study the efficiency of using the application. The study sites consisted of three villages which are no. 2 Ban Khlongthong, village no. 4 Ban Plak De, and village no. 8 Ban Khlong Pratoo in Patong Sub-district, Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province. The participatory action research method was used in this research. The main target groups included village headman, village health volunteers, staff at Health Center, Patong Sub-district Administrative Organization, older adults in the areas, and elderly caregivers. Inductive data analysis and content analysis were conducted by dividing the research into 5 stages. The study found that the prototype application was divided into 2 main parts: part 1: knowledge about flooding and disaster management and part 2: local flood management. The prototype application was called Flood Care. Assessment of user satisfaction in terms of general quality and usability was conducted. There was a high level of satisfaction in every aspect because it was found easy to use, easy to understand its language format, convenient to access, accurate and complete information, and able to provide necessary information to assist the elderly. Therefore, Flood Care application can be propagated to other areas to build up and help the elderly in the flood situation.

Five Forces Models Affecting Small Hotel Entrepreneurs in Muang Districts of Southern Border Provinces

Nawit Amage — 2024-03-08

The study of “Five Forces Models Affecting Small Hotel Entrepreneurs in Muang Districts of Southern Border Provinces” aimed at 1) studying the economic and social backgrounds business development concepts 2) analyzing the five forces models. This study is qualitative research. The sample group consisted of small hotel business operators in Mueang Districts in the three southern border provinces. Divided into the hotels in Mueang District, Pattani Province, Mueang District, Yala Province, and Mueang District, Narathiwat Province. By interviewing Thai-Chinese entrepreneurs/Thai-Buddhist entrepreneurs/ Thai-Muslim entrepreneurs, there were 9 entrepreneurs. The research was conducted using semi-structured interviews. The research results showed that 1) concerning the economic and social backgrounds as well as the business development concepts, entrepreneurs were local people. Most of them were self-proprietorships or worked for family business as they perceive business opportunities and then wished to expand their family's 2) The five forces could be classified into 1) threats from new competitors, social media technology, price, capital, newness of competing hotels and policies to stimulate the economy of the government, 2) threats from substitutes in terms of price, novelty, and legal gaps, 3) bargaining power of customers room rates at the same level, enabling them to choose that they mainly like 4) high bargaining power of the sellers causing the problem of price gouging occurred have low bargaining power 5) quite high competition in the industry in terms of the number of competitors as well as online channels and funds.

The Origin of Thai Surname: Establishment of Patriarchal Power within Thai Family

Thanai Charoenkul — 2024-03-08

This article has studied surname enforcement according to the Surname Act, B.E. 2456, in the early days of enforcing surnames, through analyzing historical evidence and related documents, based on the patriarchal outlooks of Luce Irigaray, a French feminist philosopher to explain how that forcing of the surname inherited from fathers to sons or male relatives becomes the origin of patriarchy in the family system. However, the Surname Act was also the starting point for creating what Irigaray called a "Male Subject" in a patriarchal society. But for the attempt to establish a male identity in the Thai state, it has rather helped strengthen the ideology of the traditional state to be embedded in the modern state to be inherited by inheriting the surname.

The Hosting the SEAP Games/SEA Games with Malaysia's Politics and Foreign Affairs (1965-1989)

Apichest Kanchchanadit — 2024-03-08

This article used a historical methodology to study the relationship between the hosting of the Southeast Asian Games/SEA Games and the political and foreign contexts of Malaysia between 1965-1989. It also aimed at studying the role of the Malaysian government in using this status to present its political and foreign stances at that time. The study found that even past academic works have often described the SEA Games as a sport closely related to the context of politics and foreign affairs in Southeast Asia during the Cold War era, especially the issue of polarizing the country from the conflict of political ideologies. However, the Malaysian government, which co-founded and hosted the Games many times during the Cold War era, did not use its status to support the conflict among countries in the region. In the initial phase, moreover, Malaysia used this sporting event as a mechanism to present its political and international relationship ideology to resolve the conflicts in the country and in the region. Malaysia used the sports competition as part of the resolve of racist conflicts within the country. And later, this sports competition was used to build relationships in the region.