ETHICAL PROTOCOL IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: A STUDY OF QUALITATIVE DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS SUBMITTED TO UNIVERSITIES IN THAILAND
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the current practices of an application of ethical protocol in qualitative research conducted by Ph.D. candidates in Thailand. To guide the study three questions are posed: (1) has the researcher explicitly identified ethical issues in the research? (2) Is literature related to ethics reviewed and presented? (3) What ethical protocol are identified and applied? To answer these questions the concept and theories of ethics, research ethics, research protocol, ethical protocol, and the application of ethical protocol in qualitative dissertations are reviewed. Ten qualitative dissertations conducted by Ph.D. candidates from 2001-2010 in Thailand were selected for review and evaluation. Discussions, conclusions and recommendations were then made. The findings of this study reveal that major improvement is needed in the conduct of qualitative research in Thailand. It indicates that there is a lack of knowledge and understanding of the importance of ethics in conducting research especially in qualitative research. There is also a lack of knowledge and understanding of ethical issues, research ethics, research protocol, ethical protocol and how to apply them in qualitative research. To improve the current situation the following recommendations are made: (1) all research training courses should include research ethics; (2) university research courses should be revised to include research ethics; (3) research ethics awareness programs should be developed and implemented to create awareness of all research stakeholder groups; (4) promotion programs should be developed and implemented to encourage all universities in Thailand to establish their own IRB and practice IRB processes; (5) a piece of legislation on research on human beings should be enacted and enforced.
Article Details
1. กองบรรณาธิการสงวนสิทธิ์ในการพิจารณาและตัดสินการตีพิมพ์บทความในวารสาร
2. บทความทุกเรื่องจะได้รับการตรวจสอบทางวิชาการโดยผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิ แต่ข้อความและเนื้อหาในบทความที่ตีพิมพ์เป็นความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียนแต่เพียงผู้เดียว มิใช่ความคิดเห็นและความรับผิดชอบของมหาวิทยาลัยศรีปทุม
3. การคัดลอกอ้างอิงต้องดำเนินการตามการปฏิบัติในหมู่นักวิชาการโดยทั่วไป และสอดคล้องกับกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้อง
References
Bell, L., & Nutt, L. (2002). Divided Loyalties, Divided Expectations: Research Ethics, Professional and Occupational Responsibilities. In M. Mauthner, M. Birch, J. Jessop & T. Miller (Eds.), Ethics in Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications.
Berg, B. L. (1998). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences (3rd ed.). Needham Heights, Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon.
Bowie, N. E. (1991). Business Ethics as a Discipline: The Search for Legitimacy. In R. E. Freeman (Ed.), Business Ethics: The State of the Art (pp. 17-44). New York: Oxford University Press.
Bryman, A. (1988). Quantity and Quality of Social Research. London: Routledge.
Buoy, L. M. (2002). Employees' Perception as 'Recipients' of Change: A Case Study. Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business, Perth, Aus.
Carroll, A. B. (1993). Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management (2 ed.). Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western.
Christians, C. G. (2000). Ethics and Politics in Qualitative Research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2 ed., pp. 133-155). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (2 ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (2 ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (3 ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE.
Edwards, R., & Mauthner, M. (2002). Ethics and Feminist Research: Theory and Practice. In M. Mauthner, M. Birch, J. Jessop & T. Miller (Eds.), Ethics in Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications.
Family Health International. (Undated). Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collection’s Field Guide. Module 1. Qualitative Research Methods Overview.
Forum for Ethic Committees in Thailand. (2007). Bill of Research on Human Act B. E. … (in Thai). (Online). Available: www.med.cmu.ac.th/ fercit, 26 December 2007.
Hitchcock, G., & Hughes, D. (1995). Research and the Teacher: A quailitative introduction to school-based research (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
House, E. R. (1990). An Ethics of Qualitative Field Studies. In E. G. Guba (Ed.), The Paradigm Dialog (pp. 158-164). Newbury Park: Sage.
IUBMB. (2006). Standards for the Ph. D. Degree in the Molecular Biosciences, Recommendations of The Committee on Education of The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, (online).
Joungtrakul, J. (2009). Industrial Democracy and Best Practice in Thailand. Saarbrucken, Germany: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing AG & Co. KG.
Joungtrakul, J. (2010). Qualitative Research: A Tool for Knowledge Creation for National Development (in Thai). Bangkok: Business Law Center International Company Limited.
Joungtrakul, J. (2007). How to Study Ph. D. Successfully (in Thai). Bangkok: Business Law Center International Company Limited.
Joungtrakul, J., Aticomsuwan, S., & Someran, L. (2011). Mixed Methods Research: A Comparative Study of MMR Conducted in the USA and Thaialnd.
Journal of Accountancy and Management, Special Issue on the Asian Forum on Business Education Conference (AFBE) 2011(1), 198-218.
Joungtrakul, J., Sakulkoo, S. , & Anantanond, S. (2011). Ethical Protocol in Qualitative Research: A Study of Qualitative Doctoral Dissertations Submitted to Universities in Thailand 2001-2011 Paper presented at the 4th International HR Conference (HRCI 2011), Siam City Hotel and College of Management, Mahidol University, Bangkok.
Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (1999). Designing Qualitative Research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
Mauthner, M., Birch, M., Jessop, J., & Miller, T.. (Eds.). (2002). Ethics in Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
NESDB. (2011). Draft of the Eleventh National Economic and Social Development Plan (B.E. 2555-2559): Document for the Annual Conference 2011, the Eleventh Plan to Sustainable Development, 7 July 2011. Impact Trade Exhibition and Convention Center, Muangthong Thanee, Nothaburi: The Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board.
Office of National Research Council of Thailand. (1998). Researcher Ethical Guidelines of the National Research Council. The Office of National Research Council of Thailand. Ministry of Sciences, Technology and Environment. (Online). Available: http://www.dmsc.moph.go.th/ cleangov/ethics/File/%A2.pdf, 11 December 2008.
Phillips, E, & Pugh, D. (1994). How To Get a PhD (2nd ed.). Buckingham: Open University Press.
Punch, M. (1998). Politics and Ethics in Qualitative Research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Landscape of Qualitative Research: Theories and Issues (pp. 156-184). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Robley, L. R. (1995). The Ethics of Qualitative Nursing Research. Journal of Professional Nursing, 11(1), 45-48.
Shaw, I. F. (2003). Ethics in Qualitative Research and Evaluation. Journal of Social Work, 3(1), 9-29.
Sieber, J. E. (1992). Planning Ethically Responsible Research: A Guide for Students and Inernal Review Boards (Vol. 31). Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Siriwaiprapan, S. (2000). The Concept, Practice, and Future of Human Resource Development in Thailand as Perceived by Thai Human Resource Practitioners. Thesis Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Education, the George Washington University, Washington D. C.
Smith, L. M. (1990). Ethics, Field Studies, and the Paradigm Crisis. In E. G. Guba (Ed.), The Paradigm Dialog (pp. 139-157). Newbury Park: Sage.
Steiner, G. A., & Steiner, J. F. (1994). Business, Government, and Society: A Managerial Perspective, Text and Cases (7 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Whiteley, A. (2002). Rigour in Qualitative Research. Perth, Aus: Working Paper Series 02.01, Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business.
Whiteley, A. M., & Whiteley, J. (2005). The Familiarization Study in Qualitative Research: From Theory to Practice. Perth, Aus: Working Paper Series 05.01, Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business.