Measurement of Aerosol Size Distribution in an Urban Park; a Case Study of Chulalongkorn Centenary Park in Bangkok, Thailand
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigated the particle size distribution (PSD) in the Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park, an urban park in Bangkok. Two continuous 7-day measurements were conducted during February to March 2023 by employing the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and the Optical Particle Sizer (OPS) to measure in the range of 10 – 10,000 nm. Observed PM2.5 concentrations and local meteorological parameters were gathered for analysis. Ultrafine-mode concentrations exhibit diurnal pattern correlating with the traffic rush hours in the morning and in the evening. The statistics of geometric mean diameter also indicate minimum values twice daily in the morning and evening rush hours indicating the behavior of freshly emitted particles and subsequent growth. The number concentrations were significantly lower during the daytime than at nighttime highlighting the nighttime meteorological influence. The lumped number concentrations of particles larger than 80 nm (N80) correlates well with PM2.5 data. Comparing between the two-measurement period, higher humidity is related to overall larger sizes that could be indicative of hygroscopic growth. Size distributions at chosen periods are presented to highlight the various influences of primary particle emission and microphysical processes. This work provides new information of the level of ultrafine particles that urban dwellers are exposed to in an urban park.
Article Details
References
Heshani ALS, Winijkul E. 2022. Numerical simulations of the effects of green infrastructure on PM2.5 dispersion in an urban park in Bangkok, Thailand. Heliyon. Aug 31;8(9):e10475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10475. PMID: 36097489; PMCID: PMC9463594.
Xing, Y. and Brimblecombe, P. 2020. Trees and parks as “the lung of cities”. Urban For. Urban Green. 48, 126552: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126552.
Frumkin H, Bratman GN, Breslow SJ, Cochran B, Kahn PH Jr, Lawler JJ, Levin PS, Tandon PS, Varanasi U, Wolf KL, Wood SA. Nature Contact and Human Health: A Research Agenda. Environ Health Perspect. 2017 Jul 31;125(7): 075001. PMID: 28796634; PMCID:PMC5744722. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1663.
Hartig T, Mitchell R, de Vries S, Frumkin H. Nature and health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35:207-28. Epub 2014 Jan 2. PMID:24387090. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182443.
Young, L.-H., Hsu, C.-S., Hsiao, T.-C., Lin, N.-H., Tsay, S.-C., Lin, T.-H., Lin, W.-Y., Jung, C.-R. 2022. Phenomenology of ultrafine particle concentrations and size distribution across urban Europe. Science of the Total Environment 856, 159070: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.107744.
Schikowski T, Sugiri D, Ranft U, Gehring U, Heinrich J, Wichmann HE, Krämer U. Does respiratory health contribute to the effects of long-term air pollution exposure on cardiovascular mortality? Respir Res. 2007 Mar 7;8(1): 20. PMID: 17343725; PMCID:PMC1821323. https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-8-20.
Bousiotis, D., Pope, F. D., Beddows, D. C. S., Dall'Osto, et al. 2021. A phenomenology of new particle formation (NPF) at 13 European sites, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11905-11925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11905-2021.
Wu, S.L., L.J. Mickley, D.J. Jacob, D. Rind and D.G. Streets. 2008. Effects of 2000-2050 changes in climate and emissions on global tropospheric ozone and the policy-relevant background surface ozone in the United States. J. Geophys. Res., 108, D18312. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009639.
Klejnowski K, Krasa A, Rogula-Kozłowska W, Błaszczak B. Number size distribution of ambient particles in a typical urban site: the first Polish assessment based on long-term (9 months) measurements. Scientific World Journal. 2013 Oct 27;2013: 539568. https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2013%2F539568. PMID: 24288492; PMCID: PMC3826294.
Pope CA 3rd, Burnett RT, Thurston GD, Thun MJ, Calle EE, Krewski D, Godleski JJ. Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease. Circulation. 2004 Jan 6;109(1): 71-7. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000108927.80044.7f. Epub 2003 Dec 15. PMID: 14676145.
Evgenieva, T., Winman, B.L., Kolev, N.I., et al. 2011. Three-point obdrvation in the troposphere over sofia-plana mountain, Bulgaria. Int. J. Rem. Sens. 32(24): 9343-9363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2011.554456.
Xing, Y. and Brimblecombe, P. 2019. Role of vegetation in deposition and dispersion of pollution in urban parks. Atmos. Environ. 201, 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.027.
Long, X., Bei, N., Wu, J., Li, X., Feng, T., Xing, L., Zhao, S., Cao, J., Tie, X., An, Z. and Li, G. 2018. Does afforestation deteriorate haze pollution in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), China?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10869-10879. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10869-2018.
Sanphet, C., Sirima, P. and Garavig, T. 2017. Particulate Matter Monitoring Using Inexpensive Sensors and Internet GIS: A Case Study in Nan, Thailand. Thailand Research Fund. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2018.22.2.25.
D'Andrea, S. D., Häkkinen, S. A. K., Westervelt, et al. 2013. Understanding global secondary organic aerosol amount and size-resolved condensational behavior, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11519-11534. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11519-2013.
Stanier, C., Khlystov, A. and Pandis, S.N. “Ambient Aerosol Size Distributions and Particle Number Concentrations Measured during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol 38, 2004, 3275-3284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.020.
Li. S., Ren, A., Guo, B., Du, Z., Zhang. S., Tian, M. and Wang, S. 2015. Influence of meteorological factors and VOCs on PM2.5 during servere air pollution period in Shiiazhuang in winter; In: Proceedings of the 2015 2nd International Conference on Machinery, Materials Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology. Atlantis Press. 588-592. https://doi.org/10.2991/mmeceb-15.2016.116.
Zhao, D., Xin, J., Gong, C., Quan, J., Liu, G., Zhao, W., et al. 2019. The formation mechanism of air pollution episodes in Beijing city: insights into the measured feedback between aerosol radiative forcing and the atmospheric boundary layer stability. Sci. Total Environ. 692, 371-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.255.
Han, B., Zhang, R., Yang, W., Z., Ma, Z. and Zhang, W. 2016. Heavy haze episodes in Beijing during January 2013: Inorganic ion chemistry and source analysis using highly time-resolved measurements from an urban site. Sci. Total Environ. 544, 319-329. https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-11111-2015.
C.L. Zilli Vieira and P. Koutrakis. 2021. The impact of solar activity on ambient ultrafine particle concentrations: An analysis based on 19-year measurements in Boston, USA. Environmental Research 2021, 201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.
Sirithian, D. and Thanatrakolsri, P. Relationships between Meteorological and Particulate Matter Concentrations (PM2.5 and PM10) during the Haze Period in Urban and Rural Areas, Northern Thailand. Air, Soil and Water Research. 2022;15. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786221221117264.
Wang, K., Ma, X., Tian, R. and Yu, F. 2023. Analysis of new particle formation events and comparisons to simulations of particle number concentrations based on GEOS-Chem–advanced particle microphysics in Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4091-4104. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4091-2023.
Brzezina. Jáchym; Klaudia. Köbölová; Vladimír Adamec. 2020. "Nanoparticle Number Concentration in the Air in Relation to the Time of the Year and Time of the Day" Atmosphere 11, no. 5: 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050523.
World Health, O. 2021. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/345329.