Assessment on Health Impacts and Costs of Fine Particulate Matter from Passenger Transport in Bangkok Metropolitan Region
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Abstract
The world has faced fine particulate matter (PM2.5) problems affecting human health. Globally, PM2.5 has caused 4.14 million pre-mature deaths, which is the fourth leading cause of death in the world. According to the annual report of the Pollution Control Department, the PM2.5 value in Bangkok exceeded the national standards for 89 days in 2022. Transport was the dominant source of fine particulate matter in Bangkok. This research aims to develop an emission inventory and assess the health impacts and health costs of fine particulate matter from passenger transport in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. The emission inventory was divided into two parts : fuel use and fuel production. Health impacts and health costs were quantified in the units of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and Baht, respectively. According to research results in 2022 and 2027, the scenario that shifts 30% of private passenger transport to electric trains can reduce health impacts to 15,202 DALY/year and 9,011 million Baht (in 2022) and to 17,178 DALY/year and 10,883 million Baht (in 2027). Future policies should promote electric public transport and minimize the use of private vehicles.
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