Climate Change Mitigation in the Waste Sector: Policies and Measures in Different Countries and the Way Forward for Thailand

Abstract

This study performed a non-systematic review of climate change mitigation policies in the waste sector across nine selected countries (Thailand, the UK, Germany, Belgium, France, Denmark, Indonesia, China, and Japan). The review aimed to examine the existing policies and measures, identify potential areas of improvement in Thailand's waste sector compared to the selected countries and propose levers of transformation of the policy recommendations for Thailand. Based on the review of waste management policies and measures in nine countries, twelve policies have been implemented in other countries but are not mentioned in Thailand’s reviewed documents. Some of the significant policies and measures identified as potential areas of improvement in Thailand’s waste sector related policies and measures include introducing waste taxation, implementing the Internet of Things (IoT) and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), and promoting waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling focusing on solar panel wastes. Recommendations have been provided through the designation of the levers of transformation (governance, economy and finance, individual and collective action, and science and technology). The findings provide valuable insights into strengthening the climate change mitigation efforts specific to the waste sector in Thailand by aligning with international practices. By identifying the areas of improvement and potential policy recommendations analyzed through the lenses of the levers of transformation, Thailand can optimize its waste management strategies, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and contribute to a sustainable future.