Synthesis of Cassava Rhizome Biochar for Methomyl Adsorption
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Abstract
This research aims to study the synthesis of biochar from cassava rhizomes and the factors involved in the adsorption of methomyl. Methomyl is a carbamate pesticide. The factors of interest in the synthesis of biochar include the pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 400, and 500 °C and the pyrolysis time of 2.5 hours under nitrogen gas conditions, and the obtained biochar was modified with phosphoric acid to increase the efficiency of adsorption. The synthesized biochar was examined using various techniques, including CHN/O, BET, SEM, FTIR, and XTM. The factors of interest in the adsorption study include contact time, agitation speed, and pH value. The study found that the temperature and duration of pyrolysis affect biochar quality. The selected biochar was obtained at 500 °C for 2.5 hours with the highest %C of 78.149 and the lowest H/C of 0.026, similar to other research studies. The biochar is of high quality, has a stable C ratio, and a low H/C. A higher carbon content results in more stable biochar. Modifying biochar with phosphoric acid results in an increase in its physical and chemical properties. The specific surface area from BET measurement and the average pore diameter increased from 2.29 to 3.39 m²/g and 1.57 to 6.54 Å, respectively. For methomyl adsorption experiments, it was found that equilibrium was reached after 180 minutes. The rotational speed and pH value affected the adsorption efficiency. The optimum condition for methomyl adsorption was an agitation speed of 200 rpm because it achieved the highest adsorption efficiency of 19.7%. Further agitation speed experiments revealed that turbulence is critical in controlling the solid-liquid mass transfer mechanism. The pH condition that resulted in the best adsorption was pH 3, with an efficiency of 27.90% and the highest adsorption capacity (qe) at 2.79 mg/g.
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