TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY: ISSUES IN MYANMAR’S PUBLIC OFFICIAL ETHICS LAW
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Abstract
In recent years, Myanmar has embarked on a journey to reform its public governance systems, aiming to enhance transparency and accountability among public officials. Despite these efforts, the country faces persistent challenges in effectively implementing public official ethics legislation. The purpose of this research is to critically examine Myanmar's public official ethics legislation and its effectiveness in promoting transparency and accountability within the country’s governance framework. This research is particularly relevant given Myanmar’s political transition from military rule to a nascent democracy, which has amplified the need for robust ethical standards among public officials. This is a qualitative study that involves a comprehensive review of existing ethics laws, regulatory frameworks, and their practical implementation. Data is collected through an analysis of legislative measures, interviews with governance experts, and a review of public access to information. The study also incorporates a comparative analysis with international best practices, especially the OECD ethical guidelines, to benchmark Myanmar’s progress against global standards. The research explores how historical precedents of corruption, coupled with the current socio-political climate, have shaped the challenges faced in implementing these ethical frameworks effectively.
The results of the research reveal several systemic issues hindering the effectiveness of Myanmar's public official ethics laws. Despite efforts to reform, the country faces challenges related to vague regulatory guidelines, inadequate enforcement mechanisms, and limited public access to critical information. The comparative analysis with OECD guidelines highlights critical gaps, such as the absence of clear regulatory standards, strong enforcement bodies, and sufficient transparency measures. Key findings suggest the need for clearer regulations, the establishment of independent oversight bodies, and initiatives to promote civic engagement and public oversight. The study concludes that these reforms are essential for fostering a culture of integrity and accountability in Myanmar’s governance, which is vital to restoring public trust and supporting the country's democratic development.
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