Public Service Motivation and Community Participation Behavior of Citizens: A Chinese Study
Keywords:
Public service motivation, citizen community participation, community governanceAbstract
Citizen community participation (CCP) is affected by multiple factors. However, little research has been conducted in this area from the perspective of public service motivation (PSM). This study presents a model exploring the effects of public service motivation on citizen community participation. Based on survey of 269 residents of Chongqing municipality in Western China, the hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling. The results show that public service motivation has a significant positive influence on the community participation behaviors of citizens in three dimensions: attraction to public policymaking, compassion, and commitment to the public interest. It implies that public service motivation can be used by community staffs as an auxiliary measuring tool to select citizens as community volunteers and to encourage citizens with higher public service motivation to positively participate in community activities and play a leading role. Moreover, the government can improve relevant conditions to promote community participation and to raise the level of community participation as a whole.
References
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Camilleri, E. (2007). Antecedents affecting public service motivation. Personnel review, 36(3), 356-377.
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Caplow, T., & Forman, R. (1950). Neighborhood interaction in a homogeneous community. American Sociological Review, 15(3), 357-366.
Carpini, M. X. D., Cook, F. L., & Jacobs, L. R. (2004). Public deliberation, discursive participation, and citizen engagement: A review of the empirical literature. Annual Review of Political Science, 7(2004), 315-344.
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Costello, J. (2017). Public Service Motivation and Volunteering. Ph.D., Bournemouth University.
Coursey, D., & Pandey, S. K. (2007). Public service motivation measurement: Testing an abridged version of Perry’s proposed scale. Administration & Society, 39(5), 547-568.
Cun, X. (2013). An empirical study on public service motivation of new generation undergraduates. Chinese Administration Management, 3, 110-115.
De Tocqueville, A. (1990). Journey in Ireland, July-August, 1835. Washington D.C.: CUA Press.
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Fung, A. (2006). Varieties of participation in complex governance. Public Administration Review, 66(s1), 66-75.
Gao, R. (2012). Comment on public service motivation and incentive. Journal of Agricultural University of Middle China, 3, 91-94.
Grant, A. M. (2008). Employees without a cause: The motivational effects of prosocial impact in public service. International Public Management Journal, 11(1), 48-66.
He, X., & Chen, Y. (2015). Incentive mechanism of servant from the perspective of public service motivation. Human Ergonomics, 21(1), 79-83.
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_____. (2009). Testing the structure of public service motivation in Korea: A research note. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19(4), 839-851.
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Li, J. (2009). Housing rights and political participation: Grassroots community democracy in Chinese cities. Sociological Research, 5, 57-82.
Li, M. (2011). Research on the Expansion of Public Service Motivation. Ph.D. Nanjing Normal University.
Li, M., & Ye, H. (2012). Development and prospect: Measurement of public service motivation. Journal of Psychological Science, 4, 932-936.
Liu, B., Zhang, X., & Lv, X. (2014). Compassion as the affective dimension of public service motivation in a Chinese context. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 42(2), 245-251.
Liu, X., & Dong, L. (2016). Research review on public service motivation. Journal of School of Administration of Guangzhou, 4, 19-22.
Ma, B., Yu, L., & Du, P. (2016). Opportunity does not mean willingness: An analysis of the public participation in popular politics in China during the transitional period. Theoretical Investigation, 189(2), 136-140.
Moynihan, D. P., & Pandey, S. K. (2007). The role of organizations in fostering public service motivation. Public Administration Review, 67(1), 40-53.
Pandey, S. K., Wright, B. E., & Moynihan, D. P. (2008). Public service motivation and interpersonal citizenship behavior in public organizations: Testing a preliminary model. International Public Management Journal, 11(1), 89-108.
Perry, J. L. (1996). Measuring public service motivation: An assessment of construct reliability and validity. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 6(1), 5-22.
Perry, J. L. (2000). Bringing society in: Toward a theory of public-service motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(2), 471-488.
Perry, J. L., Brudney, J. L., Coursey, D., & Littlepage, L. (2008). What drives morally committed citizens? A study of the antecedents of public service motivation. Public Administration Review, 68(3), 445-458.
Perry, J. L., Hondeghem, A., & Wise, L. R. (2010). Revisiting the motivational bases of public service: Twenty years of research and an agenda for the future. Public Administration Review, 70(5), 681-690.
Perry, J. L., & Wise, L. R. (1990). The motivational bases of public service. Public Administration Review, 50(3), 367-373.
Peterson, N. A., & Speer, P. W. (2000). Linking organizational characteristics to psychological empowerment: Contextual issues in empowerment theory. Administration in Social Work, 24(4), 39-58.
Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making Democrary Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ; Princeton University Press.
___________. (2000). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In Crothers, L., & Lockhart, C. Culture and Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Qiu, H., & Lin, B. (2009). Theory and Application of Structural Equation Model. Beijing: Light Industry Press of China.
Rainey, H. G. (1982). Reward preferences among public and private managers: In search of the service ethic. The American Review of Public Administration, 16(4), 288-302.
Rainey, H. G., & Steinbauer, P. (1999). Galloping elephants: Developing elements of a theory of effective government organizations. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 9(1), 1-32.
Staats, E. B. (1988). Public service and the public interest. Public Administration Review, 48(2), 601-605+ii.
Sun, Z., & Hu, J. (2017). Research on public service motivation theory of western. Study and Practice, 1, 62-70.
Tang, Y., & Hu, B. (2016). Public participation in community governance:National identity and community identity as two driving forces. Journal of YuanNan Normal University, 48(2), 63-69.
Taylor, J. (2008). Organizational influences, public service motivation and work outcomes: An Australian study. International Public Management Journal, 11(1), 67-88.
_______. (2010). Public service motivation, civic attitudes and actions of public, nonprofit and private sector employees. Public Administration, 88(4), 1083-1098.
Taylor, J., & Westover, J. H. (2011). Job satisfaction in the public service: The effects of public service motivation, workplace attributes and work relations. Public Management Review, 13(5), 731-751.
Tu, X., & Wang, S. (2008). Research on community resident participation from the perspective of social capital. Politic Research, 3, 17-21.
Uslaner, E. M., & Conley, R. S. (2003). Civic engagement and particularized trust: The ties that bind people to their ethnic communities. American Politics Research, 31(4), 331-360.
Wright, B. E., & Grant, A. M. (2010). Unanswered questions about public service motivation: Designing research to address key issues of emergence and effects. Public Administration Review, 70(5), 691-700.
Xia, X. (2011). Research on Problems of Citizen Participation in Urban Community Governance. Ph.D. Shandong University.
Xiao, F. (2004). Analysis of motivation mechanism of residents’ community participation. Guang Xi Social Science, 107(5).
Zhang, H., & Zhang, Z. (2015). Analysis of influencing factors of resident participation in community governance based on theory of planned behavior — A case study of Tianjin. Journal of Tianjin University (Social Sciences), 17(6), 523-528.
Zhou, J. (2014). Willness, ability and path of citizen participation in social governance. Journal of Nanjing Municipal Party Committee, 5, 54-58.
Zhou, L. (2008). Restrictions on residents’ participation in community governance - Based on questionnaire survey of Shenzhen district A. Fujian Forum, 12, 138-141.
Zhu, C., Wu, C., & Zhu, G. (2011). Research review on public service motivation. Public Administration Review, 5, 151.
Zimmerman, M., & Zahniser, J. H. (1991). Refinements of sphere specific measures of perceived control: Development of a sociopolitical control scale. Journal of Community Psychology, 19(2), 189-204.
Alonso, P., & Lewis, G. B. (2001). Public service motivation and job performance: Evidence from the federal sector. American Review of Public Administration, 31(4), 363 380.
Bao, Y., & Li, C. (2016). Measuring public service motivation: Theoretical structure and scale revision. Chinese Human Resource Exploration, 7, 83-91.
Bolino, M. C., Klotz, A. C., Turnley, W. H., & Harvey, J. (2013). Exploring the dark side of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(4), 542-559.
Boyd, N., Nowell, B., Yang, Z., & Hano, M. C. (2017). Sense of community, sense of community responsibility, and public service motivation as predictors of employee well-being and engagement in public service organizations. The American Review of Public Administration, 48(5), 428-443.
Brewer, G. A., & Selden, S. C. (1998). Whistle blowers in the federal civil service: New evidence of the public service ethic. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8(3), 413-439.
Camilleri, E. (2007). Antecedents affecting public service motivation. Personnel review, 36(3), 356-377.
Chao, X. (2013). The influence of residents’ belonging to community on community participation --- Based on the empirical analysis of Z province N city. Journal of Guangdong Institute of Public Administration, 25(3), 23-27.
Caplow, T., & Forman, R. (1950). Neighborhood interaction in a homogeneous community. American Sociological Review, 15(3), 357-366.
Carpini, M. X. D., Cook, F. L., & Jacobs, L. R. (2004). Public deliberation, discursive participation, and citizen engagement: A review of the empirical literature. Annual Review of Political Science, 7(2004), 315-344.
Cooper, T. L., Bryer, T. A., & Meek, J. W. (2006). Citizen centered collaborative public management. Public Administration Review, 66(Special Issue), 76-88.
Costello, J. (2017). Public Service Motivation and Volunteering. Ph.D., Bournemouth University.
Coursey, D., & Pandey, S. K. (2007). Public service motivation measurement: Testing an abridged version of Perry’s proposed scale. Administration & Society, 39(5), 547-568.
Cun, X. (2013). An empirical study on public service motivation of new generation undergraduates. Chinese Administration Management, 3, 110-115.
De Tocqueville, A. (1990). Journey in Ireland, July-August, 1835. Washington D.C.: CUA Press.
Diller, E. C. (2001). Citizens in Service: The Challenge of Delivering Civic Engagement Training to National Service Programs. Washington D.C.: Corporation for National and Community Service.
Doolittle, A., & Faul, A. C. (2013). Civic engagement scale: A validation study. SAGE Open, 3(3), 1-7.
Fung, A. (2006). Varieties of participation in complex governance. Public Administration Review, 66(s1), 66-75.
Gao, R. (2012). Comment on public service motivation and incentive. Journal of Agricultural University of Middle China, 3, 91-94.
Grant, A. M. (2008). Employees without a cause: The motivational effects of prosocial impact in public service. International Public Management Journal, 11(1), 48-66.
He, X., & Chen, Y. (2015). Incentive mechanism of servant from the perspective of public service motivation. Human Ergonomics, 21(1), 79-83.
Hair, J. F., Black, B., Babin, B., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. 6th ed. U.S.A.: Peason Education LTD.
Hopf, A. C. (2016). Social Media’s Impact on Civic Engagement in Mexico. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School.
Hondeghem, A., & Perry, J. (2009). EGPA symposium on public service motivation and performance: Introduction. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 75(1), 5-9.
Houston, D. J. (2008). Behavior in the public square. In Perry, J. L., & Hondeghem, A. (Eds.). Motivation in Public Management: The Call of Public Service. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Jensen, U. T., & Vestergaard, C. F. (2017). Public service motivation and public service behaviors: Testing the moderating effect of tenure. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 27(1), 52-67.
Kim, S. (2006). Public service motivation and organizational citizenship behavior in Korea. International Journal of Manpower, 27(8), 722-740.
_____. (2009). Testing the structure of public service motivation in Korea: A research note. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19(4), 839-851.
Kim, S., & Vandenabeele, W. (2010). A strategy for building public service motivation research internationally. Public Administration Review, 70(5), 701-709.
Li, J. (2009). Housing rights and political participation: Grassroots community democracy in Chinese cities. Sociological Research, 5, 57-82.
Li, M. (2011). Research on the Expansion of Public Service Motivation. Ph.D. Nanjing Normal University.
Li, M., & Ye, H. (2012). Development and prospect: Measurement of public service motivation. Journal of Psychological Science, 4, 932-936.
Liu, B., Zhang, X., & Lv, X. (2014). Compassion as the affective dimension of public service motivation in a Chinese context. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 42(2), 245-251.
Liu, X., & Dong, L. (2016). Research review on public service motivation. Journal of School of Administration of Guangzhou, 4, 19-22.
Ma, B., Yu, L., & Du, P. (2016). Opportunity does not mean willingness: An analysis of the public participation in popular politics in China during the transitional period. Theoretical Investigation, 189(2), 136-140.
Moynihan, D. P., & Pandey, S. K. (2007). The role of organizations in fostering public service motivation. Public Administration Review, 67(1), 40-53.
Pandey, S. K., Wright, B. E., & Moynihan, D. P. (2008). Public service motivation and interpersonal citizenship behavior in public organizations: Testing a preliminary model. International Public Management Journal, 11(1), 89-108.
Perry, J. L. (1996). Measuring public service motivation: An assessment of construct reliability and validity. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 6(1), 5-22.
Perry, J. L. (2000). Bringing society in: Toward a theory of public-service motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(2), 471-488.
Perry, J. L., Brudney, J. L., Coursey, D., & Littlepage, L. (2008). What drives morally committed citizens? A study of the antecedents of public service motivation. Public Administration Review, 68(3), 445-458.
Perry, J. L., Hondeghem, A., & Wise, L. R. (2010). Revisiting the motivational bases of public service: Twenty years of research and an agenda for the future. Public Administration Review, 70(5), 681-690.
Perry, J. L., & Wise, L. R. (1990). The motivational bases of public service. Public Administration Review, 50(3), 367-373.
Peterson, N. A., & Speer, P. W. (2000). Linking organizational characteristics to psychological empowerment: Contextual issues in empowerment theory. Administration in Social Work, 24(4), 39-58.
Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making Democrary Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ; Princeton University Press.
___________. (2000). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In Crothers, L., & Lockhart, C. Culture and Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Qiu, H., & Lin, B. (2009). Theory and Application of Structural Equation Model. Beijing: Light Industry Press of China.
Rainey, H. G. (1982). Reward preferences among public and private managers: In search of the service ethic. The American Review of Public Administration, 16(4), 288-302.
Rainey, H. G., & Steinbauer, P. (1999). Galloping elephants: Developing elements of a theory of effective government organizations. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 9(1), 1-32.
Staats, E. B. (1988). Public service and the public interest. Public Administration Review, 48(2), 601-605+ii.
Sun, Z., & Hu, J. (2017). Research on public service motivation theory of western. Study and Practice, 1, 62-70.
Tang, Y., & Hu, B. (2016). Public participation in community governance:National identity and community identity as two driving forces. Journal of YuanNan Normal University, 48(2), 63-69.
Taylor, J. (2008). Organizational influences, public service motivation and work outcomes: An Australian study. International Public Management Journal, 11(1), 67-88.
_______. (2010). Public service motivation, civic attitudes and actions of public, nonprofit and private sector employees. Public Administration, 88(4), 1083-1098.
Taylor, J., & Westover, J. H. (2011). Job satisfaction in the public service: The effects of public service motivation, workplace attributes and work relations. Public Management Review, 13(5), 731-751.
Tu, X., & Wang, S. (2008). Research on community resident participation from the perspective of social capital. Politic Research, 3, 17-21.
Uslaner, E. M., & Conley, R. S. (2003). Civic engagement and particularized trust: The ties that bind people to their ethnic communities. American Politics Research, 31(4), 331-360.
Wright, B. E., & Grant, A. M. (2010). Unanswered questions about public service motivation: Designing research to address key issues of emergence and effects. Public Administration Review, 70(5), 691-700.
Xia, X. (2011). Research on Problems of Citizen Participation in Urban Community Governance. Ph.D. Shandong University.
Xiao, F. (2004). Analysis of motivation mechanism of residents’ community participation. Guang Xi Social Science, 107(5).
Zhang, H., & Zhang, Z. (2015). Analysis of influencing factors of resident participation in community governance based on theory of planned behavior — A case study of Tianjin. Journal of Tianjin University (Social Sciences), 17(6), 523-528.
Zhou, J. (2014). Willness, ability and path of citizen participation in social governance. Journal of Nanjing Municipal Party Committee, 5, 54-58.
Zhou, L. (2008). Restrictions on residents’ participation in community governance - Based on questionnaire survey of Shenzhen district A. Fujian Forum, 12, 138-141.
Zhu, C., Wu, C., & Zhu, G. (2011). Research review on public service motivation. Public Administration Review, 5, 151.
Zimmerman, M., & Zahniser, J. H. (1991). Refinements of sphere specific measures of perceived control: Development of a sociopolitical control scale. Journal of Community Psychology, 19(2), 189-204.
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2019-06-30
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