Climate Justice at the Ballot Box: Unpacking the Political Dynamics of Environmental Governance in Thailand's 2023 General Election Campaigns
คำสำคัญ:
Climate Justice, Climate Change Policy, Election Campaigns, Thailand Environmental Policyบทคัดย่อ
The 2023 Thai General Election marked a turning point in national political discourse, with climate justice emerging as a central theme across party platforms. This study examines how three major political parties—the Move Forward Party (MFP), Chart Thai Pattana Party (CTPP), and Pheu Thai Party (PTP)—framed climate governance through the lenses of distributive, procedural, and intergenerational justice.
Drawing on qualitative content analysis of campaign materials and public debates, the study identifies ideological divergences in addressing climate challenges. The MFP emphasized grassroots participation and renewable energy; the CTPP focused on rural resilience and adaptation through carbon markets, and the PTP embedded climate goals within a broader socio-economic justice agenda. While all parties expressed commitments to equity, inclusion, and sustainability, challenges remain in implementation, enforcement, and participatory governance. This study contributes to understanding how electoral politics can foster more just and inclusive climate governance in emerging democracies such as Thailand.
เอกสารอ้างอิง
Adger, W. N. (2006). Toward justice in adaptation to climate change. In W. N. Adger, J. Paavola, S. Huq, & M. J. Mace (Eds.), Fairness in adaptation to climate change (pp. 1-20). MIT Press.
Anwar, M. A., Zhou, R., Sajjad, A., & Asmi, F. (2019). Climate change communication as political agenda and voters’ behavior. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 29946–29961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06134-6
Bainton, N., Kemp, D., Lèbre, É., Owen, J. R., & Marston, G. (2021). The energy-extractives nexus and the just transition. Sustainable Development, 29(4), 624–634. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2163
Bangkokbiznews. (2023). CTPP promotes “green economy” policy, launches vision of “WOW Thailand.” Bangkokbiznews. https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/corporate-moves/politics/1060154
Bantel, I. (2023). Camps, not just parties: The dynamic foundations of affective polarization in multi‐party systems. Electoral Studies, 83, 102614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102614
Bhudasri, S. (2017). Banthun Setthasirot: "Environmental tax", an old problem in the days when Thailand and the world change. The 101 World. https://www.the101.world/buntoon-srethasirote-interview-environment-tax/
Böhmelt, T., Böker, M., & Ward, H. (2015). Democratic inclusiveness, climate policy outputs, and climate policy outcomes. Democratization, 23(7), 1272–1291. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2015.1094059
Boran, I. (2019). On inquiry into Climate Justice. In T. Jafry (Ed.), Routledge handbook of Climate Justice (pp. 26–41). Routledge.
Bowornwathana, B. (2004). Thaksin's model of government reform: Prime Ministerialisation through “a country is my company” approach. Asian Journal of Political Science, 12(1), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370408434237
Bulkeley, H., Edwards, G. A. S., & Fuller, S. (2014). Contesting Climate Justice in the city: Examining politics and practice in urban climate change experiments. Global Environmental Change, 25, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.01.009
Carter, N., Ladrech, R., Little, C., & Tsagkroni, V. (2018). Political parties and climate policy: A new approach to measuring parties' climate policy preferences. Party Politics, 24(6), 731–742. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068817697630
Chartthaipattana Party (CTPP). (2023a). Chartthaipattana Party pushes Asia-Pacific regional carbon credit center. ChartthaiChannel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbUmIbZ8PnY
Chartthaipattana Party (CTPP). (2023b). Resources, environmental, and energy policy. Chartthaipattana Electoral Campaign 2023. https://www.chartthaipattana.or.th/wow-thailand
Chu, E., & Michael, K. (2019). The shifting geographies of Climate Justice: Mobile vulnerabilities in and across Indian cities. In T. Jafry (Ed.), Routledge handbook of Climate Justice (pp. 291–298). Routledge.
de Ridder, K., Schultz, F. C., & Pies, I. (2023). Procedural Climate Justice: Conceptualizing a Polycentric Solution to a Global Problem. SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=4409661
Drecker, P. (2025). Dynamics of Electoral Polarisation in Climate Policy Discourse: A Temporal Network analysis. Politics and Governance, 13. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.10004
Eizenberg, E., & Jabareen, Y. (2017). Social sustainability: A new conceptual framework. Sustainability, 9(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9010068
Election Commission of Thailand. (2022). 2022 Thailand’s result general election. https://ectreport66.ect.go.
th/overview
Fraser, N. (2009). Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. In G. Henderson & M. Waterstone (Eds.), Geographic thought: A praxis perspective. Routledge.
Grasso, M., & Sacchi, S. (2015). Impure Procedural Justice in Climate Governance Systems. Environmental Values, 24(6), 777–798. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43695279
iLaw. (2022). APEC 2022: Looking back at Prayut’s environmental failures before proposing ‘green economy’ plan to the international arena. https://www.ilaw.or.th/articles/5517
International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2022). Thailand: Selected issues. IMF Staff Country Reports, 2022(301), 1. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475534724.002
Isaranews. (2023). ‘Pheu Thai’ reveals 5 policies to deal with global warming. Isaranews Agency. https://isranews.org/article/election66/117883-isranews-30.html
Lees-Marshment, J. (2001). Political marketing and British political parties: The party’s just begun. Manchester University Press.
Lees-Marshment, J. (2011). The political marketing game. Palgrave Macmillan.
Liao, Y., & Junco, P. R. (2021). Extreme weather and the politics of climate change: A study of campaign finance and elections.
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 111, 102550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2021.102550
McCargo, D., & Chattharakul, A. (2020). Future Forward: The rise and fall of a Thai political party. NIAS Press.
McCargo, D., & Pathmanand, U. (2005). The Thaksinization of Thailand. NIAS Press.
MFP. (2023a). Disaster response fund – Flood. Move Forward Party Election Campaign 2023. https://election66.moveforwardparty.org/policy/detail/policy_188
MFP. (2023b). Environmental sustainability: Addressing the root causes of greenhouses. Move Forward Party Election Campaign 2023. https://election66.moveforwardparty.org/policy/collection/PolicyCategory/52/53
MFP. (2023c). Environmental sustainability: Dealing with the climate crisis. Move Forward Party Election Campaign 2023. https://election66.moveforwardparty.org/policy/collection/PolicyCategory/52/54
MFP. (2023d). Free electricity trading market: The government-supported transmission system. Move Forward Party Election Campaign 2023. https://election66.moveforwardparty.org/policy/detail/policy_164
MFP. (2023e). If you want PRTR law, choose a progressive party. Move Forward Party Election Campaign 2023. https://www.moveforwardparty.org/article/18289/
MFP. (2023f). Policy pillar number 3 must be Kao Kai: Every Thailand province is progressive. Move Forward Party Election Campaign 2023. https://www.moveforwardparty.org/article/15809/
MFP. (2023g). The local government can declare a disaster area. Move Forward Party Election Campaign 2023. https://election66.moveforwardparty.org/policy/detail/policy_190
MFP. (2023h). Unveiling Kao Klai (Move Forward) Party’s environmental policy: Why announce it on water? Move Forward Party Election Campaign 2023. https://www.moveforwardparty.org/news/17740/
MGROnline. (2023). Warawut reaffirms commitment to advancing the Climate Change Act in line with global trends. https://mgronline.com/greeninnovation/detail/9650000075032
Midlarsky, M. I. (1998). Democracy and the Environment: An Empirical Assessment. Journal of Peace Research, 35(3), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343398035003005
Mohtat, N., & Khirfan, L. (2021). The Climate Justice pillars vis-à-vis urban form adaptation to climate change: A review. Urban Climate, 39, 100951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100951
Needham, C. (2006). Brands and political loyalty. Journal of Brand Management, 13(3), 178–187. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.bm.2540260
Newell, P., & Mulvaney, D. (2013). The political economy of the ‘just transition’. The Geographical Journal, 179(2), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12008
Nishizaki, Y. (2018). Political authority and provincial identity in Thailand: The making of Banharn-buri. Cornell University Press.
O’Shaughnessy, N. (2004). Persuasion, Myth and Propaganda. Journal of Political Marketing, 3(3), 87–103. https://doi.org/10.1300/J199v03n03_05
Okereke, C. (2010). Climate justice and the international regime. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change, 1(3), 462–474. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.52
Onenews. (2023). ChartThaiPattana Party focuses on creating sustainability, not creating burdens. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wCRcWs8Ol4
PheuThai Party. (2023). Environmental policy. https://ptp.or.th/environment-policy
PPTV. (2023). Election 2023: 10 policies from Chartthaipattana Party revealed, confident of implementation in the election.
PPTVHD36. https://www.pptvhd36.com/news/การเมือง/193272
Prachathai. (2023). “Khao Kai” submits four environmental policy bills to parliament: Addressing waste management, pollution reporting, toxic dust, and cross-border pollution. https://prachatai.com/journal/2023/12/107230
Prommawin, B., Svavasu, N., Tanpraphan, S., Saengavut, V., Jithitikulchai, T., Attavanich, W., & McCarl, B. A. (2024). Impacts of climate change and agricultural diversification on agricultural production value of Thai farm households. Climatic Change, 177(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-024-03732-3
Renström, E. A., Bäck, H., & Carroll, R. (2021). Intergroup threat and affective polarization in a multi‐party system. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 9(2), 553–576. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.7539
Romero-Lankao, P., & Gnatz, D. (2019). Risk Inequality and the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus: A study of 43 city adaptation plans. Frontiers in Sociology, 4, 31. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2019.00031
Savigny, H. (2008). The problem of political marketing. Continuum.
Schlosberg, D. (2001, April 6-11). Three Dimensions of Environmental and Ecological Justice [Paper Presentation]. ECPR joint Sessions, Grenoble, France.
SpringNews. (2023a). Chartthaipattana Party’s “WOW Thailand” policy: Accelerating environmental solutions while boosting the grassroots economy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9NVGpvPp1s
SpringNews. (2023b). Chartthaipattana Party showcases environmental innovation policy carbon credit center. https://www.springnews.co.th/keep-the-world/climate-change/836097
Supratid, S., & Aribarg, T. (2022). Climate change adaptation in Thailand. In J. J. Pereira, M. K. Zain, & R. Shaw (Eds.), Climate change adaptation in Southeast Asia (pp. 197–216). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6088-7_10
Tamoudi, N., & Reder, M. (2019). A narrative account of temporality in Climate Justice. In T. Jafry (Ed.), Routledge handbook of Climate Justice (pp. 57–68). Routledge.
ThaiPBSNews. (2023). Environmental policy, Clean Air Act of Thai Chart Pattana Party. Thai Public Broadcasting Service News. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-XRLnoCXEQ
ThaiPBSNews. (2023a). Environmental policy, clean air of Chartthaipattana Party. Thai Public Broadcasting Service. https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=S-XRLnoCXEQ
ThaiPBSNews. (2023b). “Pita” announces environmental policy in the middle of the water: Declare the serious problem of global warming. Thai Public Broadcasting Service.
The Associated Press. (2024). Thailand’s new prime minister renews the legacy of her divisive father, Thaksin Shinawatra. AP. https://apnews.com/article/paetongtarn-thaksin-shinawatra-thailand-pheu-thai-087fae9ad578b7ed9171142dadc01bdc
The Citizenplus. (2023). Read political party policies on dust through the candidates’ discussion. The Citizenplus by ThaiPBS. https://thecitizen.plus/node/79862
Toker, B. (2019). On the evolution and continuing development of the Climate Justice movement. In T. Jafry (Ed.), Routledge handbook of Climate Justice (pp. 13–25). Routledge.
Tremmel, J. (2019). Fact-insensitive thought experiments in climate ethics: Exemplified by Parfit’s non-identity problem. In T. Jafry (Ed.), Routledge handbook of Climate Justice (pp. 42–56). Routledge.
Vegetti, F., & Širinić, D. (2019). Left–Right Categorization and Perceptions of Party Ideologies. Political Behavior, 41, 257–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-018-9451-y
Voice TV. (2023). PheuThai announces environmental policy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=
desktop&v=hR2IH_-2ZZ0
von Malmborg, F. (2024). Strategies and Impacts of Policy Entrepreneurs: Ideology, Democracy, and the Quest for a Just Transition to Climate Neutrality. Sustainability, 16(12), 5272. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125272
Walker, G., & Bulkeley, H. (2006). Geographies of environmental justice. Geoforum, 37(5), 655–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2005.12.002
Ward, H. (2008). Liberal democracy and sustainability. Environmental Politics, 17(3), 386–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644010802055626
Young, I. M. (2011). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton University Press.
ดาวน์โหลด
เผยแพร่แล้ว
ฉบับ
ประเภทบทความ
สัญญาอนุญาต

อนุญาตภายใต้เงื่อนไข Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.