Irregular Muslim Migration in Southern Thailand

Abstract

Irregular migration has currently become more problematic in the southern Thailand, particularly the irregular migration of Muslims. This problem should be closely examined and solutions to this problem should be proposed. The objectives of this research are to examine the current situation, causes and impacts of irregular Muslim migration in southern Thailand on Thai society, and to propose tentative solutions. This study utilized participatory observation techniques and reviews of prominent irregular Muslim migration cases, as well as interviewing detained migrants and immigration police officers.

The findings show that irregular migration in southern Thailand involves three groups of Muslim: Rohingyas, Uyghurs, and Indonesians. Two groups of factors causing irregular migration (push factors and pull factors) were examined. Push factors include poverty and life insecurity in the countries of origin. Pull factors include a higher chance of employment and salary, ineffective border control and law enforcement due to geographical characteristics, and organized crime groups. Irregular Muslim migration has had an impact on economy, society, public health, national security and international relations. Some policy recommendations are also discussed.