From Waste to Wealth: Approaches for Promoting Utilization of Rice Straw in Thailand

Abstract

This article studies the promotion of rice straw utilization in Thailand and approaches to the use of rice straw in other countries in order to develop recommendations that can bridge identified policy gaps. This is a qualitative study employing participatory action research and bottom-up policy innovation processes. It applies tools from future studies, including a futures triangle and causal layered analyses. Data was collected from representatives of farmers councils in eight upper northern provinces including Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son, Lamphun, Lampang, Phayao, Phrae, and Nan as key informants. The findings reveal that there are significant gaps in the promotion of rice straw utilization in Thailand, such as the absence of a systematic connection between ecosystem activities and stakeholders, as well as the lack of targeted policies to transform societal narratives, perspectives, values, and cultural attitudes regarding rice straw. Our review of international approaches indicates that cooperatives can play an intermediary role in making these connections. In addition, activities can be designed to harmonize with lifestyle and age-specific interests, beginning the creation of values and culture around rice straw utilization. Therefore, this study has developed two levels of policy recommendations, those focusing on structural change and others addressing cultural and value changes. These policies promote using rice straw to reduce air pollution from burning while generating income and improving farmers’ quality of life. The ultimate vision or goal is to transform rice straw from ‘agricultural waste’ to ‘golden treasures of the fields.’