The Uses of Landscape Architecture in Shopping Centers as Semi-public Spaces: A Case Study of Shopping Centers in Bangkok Metropolitan Areas
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Abstract
Shopping centers are one of the popular destinations that people in Bangkok usually go to spend their leisure time. This preference arises because these centers offer a comprehensive range of services, reflecting a shift from earlier times when public space was limited. As a result, shopping centers in Bangkok have evolved into privately owned public spaces (POPs) which are privately managed properties that function as public areas, not only shopping destinations. This similar trend of usage also appeared in academic research internationally. Despite this, there remains a limited amount of research focusing on the landscape architecture of shopping centers, indicating a research gap in this field.
This study aims to study the usage characteristics in the area of landscape architecture within shopping centers and to compare usage characteristics between shopping centers in different areas of the Bangkok metropolitan region. The methodology is a multiple-case study research method, comparing and analyzing the data from a systematic data collection, on-site observation, and evaluation that adapted from a literature review about the study of public spaces and public activities.
The study found that the landscape architecture of shopping centers in the Bangkok metropolitan region is being used as a semi-public space. The usage and activities appeared is comply with a particular usage regulation of each property which is not as free as a public space. Each category of activities is related to not only the physical quality of the space but also the location and surrounding context. The activities are also not affected by only the publicness of the area, yet the physical quality of space resulted in the increase of optional activities and social activities which also resulted in higher usage density and higher customer traffic in shopping centers. The location and surrounding context also affected the user’s density and characteristics of user groups which affected the characteristics of activities as well.
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