Values and Changes of Traditional Chinese Houses along the Chao Phraya River, Bangkok

Abstract

Traditional Chinese houses along the Chao Phraya River are valuable cultural place that reflect the history of Chinese settlement, their way of life, and their role in Bangkok. However, these houses are facing degradation, abandonment, demolition, and inappropriate conservation, leading to a decline in their historical and architectural value. This study aims to examine the physical characteristics, context, and current use of four specific houses: Tang Nguan Ha Fish Sauce House, Pok Kee House, Rutchborirak House, and Eng Hok Tong House. Using an international framework of conservation principles, the research analyzes their value, authenticity, and the changes that have impacted the buildings.

The study found that all four houses have been modified from their original design to adapt to the context of the riverside environment, local climate, and culture. These traditional Chinese houses are more than just residences; they also reflect the Chinese way of life, beliefs, and their role in Thai society. They stand as invaluable historical and spiritual evidence. Consequently, these houses possess historical, spiritual, architectural, and economic value. However, changes in their uses such as conversion into museums, shops, or cultural tourism sites—while helping to create a mechanism for preserving their value and authenticity, may have negative impacts if the focus is on commercial gain without regard for their original value. Additionally, the houses face physical deterioration due to changes in transportation routes and the environment, as well as inappropriate repairs, all of which accelerate the loss of their value.

The study recommends that the conservation of traditional Chinese houses should focus on building knowledge and understanding of conservation that recognizes their value and authenticity. The conservation process should begin with a comprehensive value assessment to identify key components that warrant preservation and pinpoint risks to that value. This should be followed by the establishment of appropriate conservation objectives, methods, and adaptive reuse guidelines, coupled with continuous maintenance planning, to ensure that this type of architectural heritage remains a vital historical and cultural record.