Norm Development for the Early Adolescence Empathy Scale (EAES): A Standardization Study Following EFA and CFA
คำสำคัญ:
Norms, Empathy Scale, Early Adolescenceบทคัดย่อ
This study aimed to develop normative data for the Early Adolescent Empathy Scale (EAES), a psychometric scale designed to assess empathy in early adolescents in Thailand. Grounded in a multidimensional framework (Davis, 1994; Decety and Michalska, 2010), the EAES consists of three components: Cognitive Empathy (CE), Emotional Empathy (EE), and Compassionate Empathy (CPE). The study employed a descriptive quantitative design, following validation through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), to establish normative scores. Participants included 394 students aged 10–14 years, all under the age of 15 from public primary and secondary schools in Bangkok, selected using stratified random sampling. Normative data were derived using percentile ranks and T-score standardization. The 50th percentile (P50) of total empathy was 136 out of 165 points (equivalent to 4.10/5). Regression equations were applied to calculate T-scores for each subscale. Results indicated that the EAES is both psychometrically valid and practical for use in educational and psychological settings. The scale offers standardized interpretation of empathy levels and supports data-informed interventions for socio-emotional learning (Eisenberg et al., 2015)
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