Contesting of Women’s Knowledge Space in Ethnic Tourist Space and Border Town: A Case Study of Female Entrepreneurs in Pang Ma Pha District, Mae Hong Son Province

Main Article Content

Paiboon Hengsuwan

Abstract

Researches on women’s straggle and negotiation in the borderlands, which are nation-state border and ethnic boundary, are limited, as well as importance in contesting of women’s Knowledge space in the context of tourism in the borderlands. This research has 3 objectives; to study the context of homestay tourism of Pang Ma Pha District, Mae Hong Son Province, to study Lahu women’s roles in homestay tourism space, and to study patterns of Lahu women’s Knowledge space contestation in homestay tourism space. The study chooses one community in Pang Ma Pha District, Mae Hong Son Province, as a case study. The research suggests a new knowledge space which challenges the myth or old belief in which tourism is appropriation of existing common property for individual benefit. The new way of looking is that entrepreneurship is not just to be seen as appropriating common property for one’s own benefit, but new dimensions are added in, such as spiritual, and emotional and feeling, in order to create a new meaning of communal space as economic and cultural values.

Article Details

How to Cite
Hengsuwan, P. . (2019). Contesting of Women’s Knowledge Space in Ethnic Tourist Space and Border Town: A Case Study of Female Entrepreneurs in Pang Ma Pha District, Mae Hong Son Province. Connexion: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 8(1), 120–156. Retrieved from https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MFUconnexion/article/view/241188
Section
Research article

References

Bruni, A., et al. (2004) Entrepreneur-mentality, gender and the study of women entrepreneurs, Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 256-268.

Cohen, E. (1996) Thai tourism: Hill tribes, islands and open-ended prostitution, Bangkok: White Lotus.

Cook, N. (1998) ‘Dutiful daughters, estranged sisters: Women in Thailand’, in K. Sen & M. Stivens (eds.), Gender and power in Affluent Asia, pp. 250-290, London, England: Routledge.

Cristi, M. (2012) Durkheim on moral individualism, social justice and rights: A gendered construction of rights, Canadian Journal & Sociology, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 409-438.

Dao, N. (2015) Rubber plantations in the northwest: Rethinking the concept of land grabs in Vietnam, Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 347-369.

Durkheim, É. (1951) Suicide: A study in sociology (trans. A. John), New York: Free Press.

Fried, L. I. (1989) A new breed of entrepreneur-women, Management Review, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 18-25.

Ganjanapan, A. (2008) Multiplicity of community forestry as knowledge space in the northern Thai highlands, Kyoto: Afrasian Centre for Peace and Development Studies, Ryukoku University.

Gray, J. (1990) The road to the city: Young women and transition in Northern Thailand, Doctoral dissertation, Macquarie University, Australia.

Gundry, L. K., & Welsch, H. P. (2001) The ambitious entrepreneur: High growth strategies of women-owned enterprises, Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 16, pp. 453-470.

Hall, D. (2011) Land grabs, land control, and Southeast Asian crop booms, Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 837-857.

Hall, D., et al. (2011) Power of exclusion: Land dilemmas in Southeast Asia, Singapore: National University of Singapore.

Hirai, K. (2002) ‘Exhibition of power: Factory women’s use of the housewarming ceremony in a Northern Thai village’, in S. Tanabe & C. F. Keyes (eds.), Cultural crisis and social memory: Modernity and identity in Thailand and Laos, pp. 185-201, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Hutheesing, O. K. (1990) Emerging sexual inequality among the Lisu of northern Thailand: The waning of dog and elephant repute, Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Jatuworapruek, T. (2005) Border, identity and commodification: Cultural politics of ethnic groups in the context of tourism (พรมแดน อัตลักษณ์และกระบวนการกลายเป็นสินค้า: การเมืองวัฒนธรรมของกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ในบริบทการท่องเที่ยว), Bangkok: Thailand Research Fund (TRF). (in Thai)

Kenney-Lazar, M. (2012) Plantation rubber, land grabbing and social-property transformation in southern Laos, The Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 39, no. 3-4, pp. 1017-1037.

Laungaramsri, P. (2000) The ambiguity of ‘watershed: The politics of people and conservation in northern Thailand, SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 52-75.

Laungaramsri, P. (2005) ‘On the politics of nature conservation in Thailand’, in V. Dheeraprasart et al. (eds.), After the logging ban: Politics of forest management in Thailand, pp. 48-66, Bangkok, Thailand: Foundation for Ecological Recovery.

Levien, M. (2012) The land question: Special economic zones and the political economy of dispossession in India, The Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 39, no. 3-4, pp. 933-969.

Li, T. M. (2017) Intergenerational displacement in Indonesia’s oil palm plantation zone, The Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 1158-1176.

Mills, M. B. (1999) Thai women in global labour force: Consuming desires, contested selves, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Mohanty, C. T. (1991) ‘Under western eyes: Feminist scholarship and colonial discourses’, in C. T. Mohanty, A. Russo & L. Torres (eds.), Third world women and the politics of feminism, pp. 196-219, Bloomington: Indiana UP.

Muecke, M. (1984) Make money, not babies: Changing stays makers of northern Thai women, Asian Survey, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 459-470.

Nevins, J., & Peluso, N. L. (2008) ‘Introduction: Commoditization in Southeast Asia’, in J. Nevins & N. L. Peluso (eds.), Taking Southeast Asia to market: Commodities, nature, and people in the neoliberal age, pp. 1-24, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Pakkrasa, S. (2009) Adaptative strategies of villagers to be a part of tourist space: A case study of Mae Yen village, Mae Hi Sub-district, Pai District, Mae Hong Son Province (ยุทธศาสตร์การปรับตัวของชาวบ้านเพื่อการดำรงตนอยู่ในพื้นที่ท่องเที่ยว: กรณีศึกษาหมู่บ้านแม่เย็น ตำบลแม่ฮี้ อำเภอปาย จังหวัดแม่ฮ่องสอน), Master’s thesis, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. (in Thai)

Payaksak, K. (2012) Cultural politics of the youth in new social movements: A case study of youth leaders in Northern Farmer Network (NFN.) (การเมืองวัฒนธรรมของคนหนุ่มสาวในการเคลื่อนไหวทางสังคมรูปแบบใหม่: กรณีศึกษากลุ่มผู้นำหนุ่มสาวของเครือข่ายกลุ่มเกษตรกรภาคเหนือ), Master’s thesis, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. (in Thai)

Pearson, R., & Kusakabe, K. (2013) Thailand’s hidden workforce: Burmese migrant women factory workers, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books.

Peluso, N. L., & Lund, C. (2011) New frontiers of land control: Introduction, The Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 667-681.

Phongpaichit, P. (1982) From peasant girls to Bangkok masseuses, Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office.

Potjana, S., & Richards, P. (2009) Local insight: Thai community based tourism, Bangkok, Thailand: The Tourism Authority of Thailand.

Preecha a-non, S. (2008) The Pai community process towards the development discourse and the self-determinationthrough the rights-based approach (ชุมชนปายกับกระบวนการสร้าง วาทกรรมการพัฒนาและการกำหนดชะตากรรมของตนเองในแนวทางสิทธิชุมชน), Bangkok, Thailand: Commission of National Human Rights. (in Thai)

Rosaldo, M. Z. (1980) The use and abuse of anthropology: Reflections on feminism and cross-cultural understanding, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 389-417.

Santasombat, Y. (1991) Women sale body: Community and sex trade in Thai society (แม่หญิงสิขายตัว: ชุมชนและการค้าประเวณีในสังคมไทย), Bangkok, Thailand: Local Development Institute. (in Thai)

Santasombat, Y., et al. (2003) Eco-tourism: Cultural diversity and resource management (การท่องเที่ยวเชิงนิเวศ: ความหลากหลายทางวัฒนธรรมและการจัดการทรัพยากร), Chiang Mai, Thailand: BIRD, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University. (in Thai)

Schoenberger, L., et al. (2017) What happened when the land grab came to southeast Asia?, The Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 697-725.

Simpkins, D. (1997-1998) Rethinking the sex industry: Thailand’s sex workers, the state, and changing cultures of consumption, Available: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?cc=mfsfront;c=mfs;c=mfsfront;idno=ark5583.0012.005;rgn=main;view=text;xc=1;g=mfsg [15 February 2018]

Smutkupt, S., & Kitiarsa, P. (2000) Japan, land of heaven or hell? of human rights and Thai sex workers in Japan (นรกแดนปลาดิบหรือสวรรค์แดนอาทิตย์อุทัย: ทัศนะว่าด้วยสิทธิมนุษยชนของผู้หญิงไทยในญี่ปุ่น), Nakorn Ratchasima, Thailand: Institute of Social Technology, Suranaree University of Technology. (in Thai)

Spivak, G. C. (1988) ‘Can the subaltern speak?’, in C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (eds.), Marxism and the interpretation of culture, pp. 271-313, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.

Vandergeest, P. (1996) Mapping nature: Territorialization of forest rights in Thailand, Society and Natural Resources, vol. 9, pp. 159-175.

Watts, M. (2004) Resource curse? governmentality, oil and power in the Niger delta, Nigeria, Geopolitics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 50-80.

White, B., et al. (2012) The new enclosures: Critical perspectives on corporate land deals, The Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 39, no. 3-4, pp. 619-647.