THEATRICAL ART AND NATIONAL IDEOLOGY: KING VAJIRAVUDH’S PHRA RUANG AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR CONSTRUCTING THAI UNITY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY

Abstract

Abstract

This research article aims to analyze the role of dramatic arts as a cultural force in transmitting national ideology through the study of Phra Ruang, the royal drama composed by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI). The King employed art and literature as essential instruments for fostering national consciousness and unity among the people. The study adopts a qualitative research approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data. The primary data consist of the royal text of Phra Ruang, while the secondary data include relevant documents, articles, and academic research. Comparative and interpretive analyses were conducted to explain the ideological meanings reflected through the dramatic arts.

The findings reveal four key aspects: (1) The play reflects the concept of “Thainess” through the values of loyalty, patriotism, and unity, which form the foundation of national cohesion. (2) The ideal image of leadership is portrayed through King Phra Ruang, who rules with virtue, compassion, justice, and wisdom—representing a paternalistic and moral model of leadership. (3) The characteristics of good citizens emphasize bravery, gratitude, and self-sacrifice for the common good, while also elevating the role of Thai women as active participants in national preservation, reflecting the transition toward modern society. (4) Beliefs and rituals function as spiritual forces that integrate Buddhist and Brahman–Hindu elements to strengthen national morale and unity. In conclusion, Phra Ruang represents a literary work that integrates the monarchy, religion, and the people within the framework of “Royal Nationalism.” The dramatic arts serve as a cultural power that communicates national ideology and spiritual values, ultimately fostering a sustainable sense of Thai identity and national solidarity.