THE 4C-SMART FRAMEWORK FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GOVERNANCE IN THE RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM
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Abstract
This research aimed to 1) investigate the current conditions, problems, and priority needs for using artificial intelligence (AI) in the management of technological universities; 2) develop an AI governance framework based on the 4C-SMART framework; 3) validate the appropriateness of its components and structure through expert review; and 4) pilot and evaluate its appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness for higher education management and policy. The study employed a mixed-methods design in four phases: needs assessment with 400 lecturers within the Rajamangala University of Technology (RMUT) system, framework development based on empirical findings and relevant literature, expert validation by nine specialists, and pilot implementation with 16 participants followed by evaluation by 15 evaluators. The instruments included a questionnaire, evaluation forms, and reflection forms. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, priority needs index, and content analysis.
The findings showed that 1) the need for AI utilization in technological universities was high, especially in planning and management, teaching and learning management, and resource support; 2) the 4C-SMART framework comprised two main dimensions: organizational readiness, including Clarity, Comprehensive Integration, Communication, and Competency; and governance mechanisms, including Strategic Planning, Management Systems, Adaptive Learning, Resource Optimization, and Transformation Metrics; 3) all components had content validity values ranging from 0.80 to 1.00; and 4) the framework was rated at the highest level for appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness. Therefore, it can serve as a policy foundation and practical guideline for systematic, transparent, and responsible AI governance in technological universities, while supporting the digital transformation of higher education.
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