Cost-Effectiveness of Road Safety Policy for Preventing and Reducing Road Traffic Fatalities in Thailand
Keywords:
Cost-effectiveness, Public Policy in Thailand, Traffic FatalitiesAbstract
This paper aimed to analyze the effectiveness of road safety policy in Thailand. The cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) was the method used to evaluate the policy involved in road safety; Drunk-Driving Law, Helmet Use Law, and Seat Belt Use Law. The data contained costs and the amount of road traffic deaths between 2012 and 2017 were collected. The evaluating results of the road safety policy were as follows: (1) the drunk-driving law was effective in reducing fatalities caused by all types of motor vehicles accidents including motorcycles and bicycles; (2) the seat-belt use law was also effective in reducing the number of motor vehicle traffic fatalities; and (3) the helmet use law was considered ineffective, which was insignificant in terms of effort. The policy recommendation was a reduction in the number of deaths leading to the realization that the behavior of riders needed to be focused on safety education for motorcyclists and law enforcement.
References
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Elvik, R., & Amundsen, A. H. (2000). Improving road safety in Sweden: An analysis of the potential for improving safety, the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit ratios of road safety measures. Oslo: Institute of transport economics.
European Commission. (2015). Guide to cost-benefit analysis of investment projects: economic appraisal tool for cohesion policy 2014-2020. Luxembourg: Publications Office.
Fryd, J., Axelsson, H., Lükk, V., Bellucci, P., López, R. M. I., & Dahlbom, L. (2017). State of the art in managing road traffic noise: Cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis (No. Technical Report 2017-03). Brussel: Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR).
Gitelman, V., & Hakkert, A. S. (2006). Economic evaluation of road safety measures: the framework, testing and future needs. Israel: Transportation Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology.
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ISIS. (2013). Accident Data of the Injury Surveillance Information System (ISIS) in 2013. Unpublished raw data. Nonthaburi: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
ISIS. (2014). Accident Data of the Injury Surveillance Information System (ISIS) in 2014. Unpublished raw data. Nonthaburi: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
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ISIS. (2016). Accident Data of the Injury Surveillance Information System (ISIS) in 2016. Unpublished raw data. Nonthaburi: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
ISIS. (2017). Accident Data of the Injury Surveillance Information System (ISIS) in 2017. Unpublished raw data. Nonthaburi: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
Kosalakorn, C. (2001). The economic consequences of policy-related variables on reductions in motor vehicle traffic fatalities. Chulalongkorn Journal of Economics, Vol. 13 No. 2 (May), pp 1-18.
Meerat, B.& Lounkeaw, K. (2016). The cost-effectiveness of the prevention of dental caries among primary school students. The Public Health Journal of Burapha Univesity, Vol. 10 No.2 (July-December), pp 1-12.
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Road Safety Thailand. (2019). Annual Report 2012 - 2017. Retrieved from https://www.dlt.go.th/th/annual-report/
Sarawasee, R., Permpoonwiwat, C. K., & Fowles, R. (2015). Economic policy relating to motorcycle accidents in Thailand: Prevention budget for motorcycle safety. Journal of Population and Social Studies [JPSS], 23(1), 98-110.
Strategy and Planning Division. (2015). Public Health Statistics A.D.2015. Nonthaburi: Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health.
Strategy and Planning Division. (2018). Public Health Statistics A.D.2017. Nonthaburi: Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health.
Thai Health Promotion Foundation. (2019). Annual Report in 2012 - 2017. Retrieved from https://www.thaihealth.or.th/Books/list/8/
Thai Road Foundation. (2019) Helmet Use Rate by Province in 2012 – 2017. Retrieved from http://trso.thairoads.org/resources
Thai RSC. (2018). Statistic of Injuries and Deaths all Provinces. Retrieved from http://www.thairsc.com/
The National Statistical Office. (2019). Number of Population from Registration by Sex, Area, Density, House, Region and Province: 2008-2018. Retrieved from http://statbbi.nso.go.th/staticreport/page/sector/en/01.aspx
The Office of the Education Council. (2018). Average year of schooling of Thai people in 2017. Bangkok: Ministry of Education, Thailand.
The Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council. (2018). Gross Regional and Provincial Product, Chain Volume Measures, 2017 Edition. Bangkok: Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council.
Wesemann, P. (2000). Economic evaluation of road safety measures. In (paper to) Round Table on Transport Economics, 117th, 2001, Paris, France (No. D-2000-16E).
WHO. (2007). Drinking and driving: A road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners. Geneva: Global Road Safety Partnership.
WHO. (2013). Global status report on road safety 2013: Supporting a decade of action. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO. (2015). Global status report on road safety 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO. (2016). Road safety institutional and legal assessment – Thailand. Retrieved from https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/thailand/roadsafety/rs-legal-eng11.pdf?sfvrsn=2ddd72c3_2
WHO. (2018). Global status report on road safety 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Road Association. (2019). Road safety manual a guide for practitioners: Monitoring, analysis and evaluation of road safety interventions. PIARC: Geneva, Switzerland.
Baltussen, R. (2003). Making Choices in Health: WHO Guide to cost- effectiveness analysis. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Bank of Thailand. (2019). Consumer Price Index 2012 - 2017. Retrieved from https://www.bot.or.th/App/BTWS_STAT/statistics/BOTWEBSTAT.aspx?reportID=409&language=TH
Budget Bureau. (2019). Annual Budget Fiscal Year 2010 - 2017. Retrieved from http://www.bb.go.th/topic.php?gid=543&mid=308
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020). What Works: Strategies to Reduce or Prevent Alcohol-Impaired Driving. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/transportationsafety/impaired_driving/strategies.html.
Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence. (2017). Commissioning Economic Evaluations: A Guide. Evidence and Evaluation Guidance Series, Population and Public Health Division. Sydney: NSW Ministry of Health.
Davalos, M. E., French, M., Burdick, A. E., & Simmons, S. C. (2009). Economic evaluation of telemedicine: Review of the literature and research guidelines for benefit-cost analysis. Telemedicine Journal And E-Health, 15(10), 933-948.
Department of Land Transport. (2019). Number of Motor Vehicles in 2012-2017. Retrieved from https://web.dlt.go.th/statistics./
Elvik, R. and Veisten, K., 2005. Barriers to the use of efficiency assessment tools in road safety policy. Norway: Institute of Transport Economics.
Elvik, R., & Amundsen, A. H. (2000). Improving road safety in Sweden: An analysis of the potential for improving safety, the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit ratios of road safety measures. Oslo: Institute of transport economics.
European Commission. (2015). Guide to cost-benefit analysis of investment projects: economic appraisal tool for cohesion policy 2014-2020. Luxembourg: Publications Office.
Fryd, J., Axelsson, H., Lükk, V., Bellucci, P., López, R. M. I., & Dahlbom, L. (2017). State of the art in managing road traffic noise: Cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis (No. Technical Report 2017-03). Brussel: Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR).
Gitelman, V., & Hakkert, A. S. (2006). Economic evaluation of road safety measures: the framework, testing and future needs. Israel: Transportation Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology.
Hoekstra, Tamara & Wegman, Fred. (2011). Improving the effectiveness of road safety campaigns: Current and new practices. Lancet. 34. 80-86.
ISIS. (2011). Accident Data of the Injury Surveillance Information System (ISIS) in 2011. Unpublished raw data. Nonthaburi: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
ISIS. (2012). Accident Data of the Injury Surveillance Information System (ISIS) in 2012. Unpublished raw data. Nonthaburi: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
ISIS. (2013). Accident Data of the Injury Surveillance Information System (ISIS) in 2013. Unpublished raw data. Nonthaburi: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
ISIS. (2014). Accident Data of the Injury Surveillance Information System (ISIS) in 2014. Unpublished raw data. Nonthaburi: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
ISIS. (2015). Accident Data of the Injury Surveillance Information System (ISIS) in 2015. Unpublished raw data. Nonthaburi: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
ISIS. (2016). Accident Data of the Injury Surveillance Information System (ISIS) in 2016. Unpublished raw data. Nonthaburi: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
ISIS. (2017). Accident Data of the Injury Surveillance Information System (ISIS) in 2017. Unpublished raw data. Nonthaburi: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
Kosalakorn, C. (2001). The economic consequences of policy-related variables on reductions in motor vehicle traffic fatalities. Chulalongkorn Journal of Economics, Vol. 13 No. 2 (May), pp 1-18.
Meerat, B.& Lounkeaw, K. (2016). The cost-effectiveness of the prevention of dental caries among primary school students. The Public Health Journal of Burapha Univesity, Vol. 10 No.2 (July-December), pp 1-12.
Muennig, P. (2008). Cost-effectiveness analysis in health a practical approach, 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2018). Getting to zero alcohol-impaired driving fatalities: A comprehensive approach to a persistent problem. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Newcomer, K. E., Hatry, H. P., & Wholey, J. S. (2015). Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis. Handbook of practical program evaluation, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
OECD. (2016). Government at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2017. Paris: OECD.
Passmore, J. W., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, N. P., & Olivé, J. M. (2010). The formulation and implementation of a national helmet law: A case study from Viet Nam. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 88, 783-787.
Reardon, T. (2005). Research findings and strategies for assessing telemedicine costs. Telemedicine and e-Health, 11(3), 348-369.
RESTRAIL. (2014). Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) in the RESTRAIL framework. Retrieved from http://www.restrail.eu/toolbox/IMG/pdf/cba_and_cea_in_the_restrail_framework.pdf
Richard, C. M., Magee, K., Bacon-Abdelmoteleb, P., & Brown, J. L. (2018). Countermeasures that work: a highway safety countermeasure guide for State Highway Safety Offices, 2017 (No. DOT HS 812 478). United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Road Safety Thailand. (2019). Annual Report 2012 - 2017. Retrieved from https://www.dlt.go.th/th/annual-report/
Sarawasee, R., Permpoonwiwat, C. K., & Fowles, R. (2015). Economic policy relating to motorcycle accidents in Thailand: Prevention budget for motorcycle safety. Journal of Population and Social Studies [JPSS], 23(1), 98-110.
Strategy and Planning Division. (2015). Public Health Statistics A.D.2015. Nonthaburi: Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health.
Strategy and Planning Division. (2018). Public Health Statistics A.D.2017. Nonthaburi: Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health.
Thai Health Promotion Foundation. (2019). Annual Report in 2012 - 2017. Retrieved from https://www.thaihealth.or.th/Books/list/8/
Thai Road Foundation. (2019) Helmet Use Rate by Province in 2012 – 2017. Retrieved from http://trso.thairoads.org/resources
Thai RSC. (2018). Statistic of Injuries and Deaths all Provinces. Retrieved from http://www.thairsc.com/
The National Statistical Office. (2019). Number of Population from Registration by Sex, Area, Density, House, Region and Province: 2008-2018. Retrieved from http://statbbi.nso.go.th/staticreport/page/sector/en/01.aspx
The Office of the Education Council. (2018). Average year of schooling of Thai people in 2017. Bangkok: Ministry of Education, Thailand.
The Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council. (2018). Gross Regional and Provincial Product, Chain Volume Measures, 2017 Edition. Bangkok: Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council.
Wesemann, P. (2000). Economic evaluation of road safety measures. In (paper to) Round Table on Transport Economics, 117th, 2001, Paris, France (No. D-2000-16E).
WHO. (2007). Drinking and driving: A road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners. Geneva: Global Road Safety Partnership.
WHO. (2013). Global status report on road safety 2013: Supporting a decade of action. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO. (2015). Global status report on road safety 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO. (2016). Road safety institutional and legal assessment – Thailand. Retrieved from https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/thailand/roadsafety/rs-legal-eng11.pdf?sfvrsn=2ddd72c3_2
WHO. (2018). Global status report on road safety 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Road Association. (2019). Road safety manual a guide for practitioners: Monitoring, analysis and evaluation of road safety interventions. PIARC: Geneva, Switzerland.
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Published
2021-06-07
How to Cite
Chantith, C., Kosalakorn Permpoonwiwat, C., & Fowles, R. (2021). Cost-Effectiveness of Road Safety Policy for Preventing and Reducing Road Traffic Fatalities in Thailand. Thailand and The World Economy, 39(2), 1–17. Retrieved from https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TER/article/view/251882
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