A Study on the Spatial Composition-Surface Composition Method within the Architecture of Adolf Loos

Abstract

Adolf Loos was a modernist architect with influential ideas and theories on architecture, particularly concerning space and surfaces. Adolf Loos, a Viennese architect from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, revolutionized architecture in his era, laying the groundwork for new concepts. His ideas profoundly impacted the development of modern architecture and interior design. Loos inspired later architects like Le Corbusier and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who incorporated his ideas of simplicity and functionality into their designs, playing crucial roles in transforming modern architectural concepts and methods.

After studying the key architectural works of Adolf Loos, specifically the Villa Strasser (Haus Strasser 1918) and Villa Müller (1930), to compare his theories and concepts (Ornament and Crime, Raumplan, Material Authenticity), we find that these works demonstrate his ideological honesty. Villa Müller is considered a prototype of Loos, showcasing his philosophy and diverse techniques. It was one of Loos's final projects, offering numerous characteristics for analysis, such as the complex and interconnected spatial arrangements at different levels, embodying his "Raumplan" concept. The luxurious use of materials like marble and wood in their natural forms reflects Loos's philosophy on surface treatment. Villa Strasser exemplifies Loos's "Raumplan" idea, signifying flexible and interconnected spatial arrangements at various heights, creating an open and connected spatial feeling. Villa Strasser demonstrates Loos's ability to create architecture that is not only beautiful but also meaningful and functional. Loos's works and theories continue to influence architecture and design today. These conclusions provide opportunities for a broader architectural understanding and encourage creative architectural approaches in the future.