การจัดการปกครองสาธารณะแนวใหม่: กรณีเมืองขอนแก่น
คำสำคัญ:
การจัดการปกครองสาธารณะแนวใหม่, ขอนแก่นโมเดล, ขอนแก่นสมาร์ทซิตี้บทคัดย่อ
ปัจจุบัน รัฐบาลมีบทบาทสำคัญในการกำหนดให้ท้องถิ่นนำนโยบายของส่วนกลางไปปฏิบัติ จังหวัดขอนแก่นเป็นหนึ่งในจังหวัดที่ประสบกับปัญหาต่าง ๆ หลายด้าน และได้เล็งเห็นว่า หากรอคอยให้รัฐบาลกำหนดนโยบายต่าง ๆ ก่อนที่จะแก้ไขปัญหาของท้องถิ่น อาจเป็นการช้าไป และอาจจะพบว่า นโยบายนั้นไม่สามารถตอบสนองต่อความต้องการของท้องถิ่น ดังนั้น จังหวัดขอนแก่นจึงก้าวข้ามอุปสรรคและข้อจำกัดจากการรวมศูนย์อำนาจ โดยการนำแนวคิดการจัดการปกครองสาธารณะแนวใหม่ (New Public Governance) มาใช้ การดำเนินการตามแนวทางนี้เป็นที่รู้จักกันในชื่อว่า “ขอนแก่นโมเดล”
จากการเก็บข้อมูลด้วยวิธีการสัมภาษณ์ผู้นำโครงการ เอกสารต่าง ๆ และจากการสังเกตการณ์ของผู้วิจัยพบว่า ขอนแก่นโมเดลอิงอยู่บนหลักการของแนวคิดการจัดการปกครองสาธารณะแนวใหม่ (New Public Governance) ผ่านการสร้างความร่วมมือของ 5 ภาคส่วน อันได้แก่ สถานศึกษา ภาครัฐ
ภาคเอกชน ภาคประชาสังคมและสื่อ และประชาชน ภายใต้แนวคิด Quintuple Helix Model ทั้ง 5 ภาคส่วนนี้ได้ร่วมกันปรึกษาและหาช่องทางในการผลักดันให้โครงการก่อสร้างรถไฟฟ้ารางเบาของจังหวัดขอนแก่น ที่เกิดจากการระดมทรัพยากรและร่วมกันลงทุน โดยการเสริมสร้างและกระตุ้นการมีส่วนร่วมของประชาชน ทำให้โครงการนี้ได้รับการอนุมัติจากนายกรัฐมนตรี
เอกสารอ้างอิง
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Leydesdorff, L., & Etzkowitz, H. (1998). The triple helix as a model for innovation studies. Science and Public Policy, 25(3), 195-203.
Lipsky, M. (2010). Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Service. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
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___________. (2006). Public Management: Old and New. New York: Routledge.
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___________. (2010). Introduction the (new) public governance: A suitable case for treatment? In Osborne, S.P. (Ed.). The New Public Governance? Emerging Perspectives on the Theory and Practice of Public Governance. New York: Routledge.
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__________. (2010). The Politics of Bureaucracy. New York: Routledge.
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Barzelay, M. (1992). Breaking through Bureaucracy: A New Vision for Managing in Government. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
Berger, B. (2009). Political theory, political science and the end of civic engagement. Perspectives on Politics, 7(2), 335-350.
Bevir, M. (2012). Governance: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Bingham, L. B., Nabatchi, T., & O’Leary, R. (2005). The new governance: Practices and processes for stakeholder and citizen participation in the work of government. Public Administration Review, 65(5), 547-558.
Brass, J. N. (2012). Blurring boundaries: The integration of NGOs into governance in Kenya. Governance, 25(2), 209-235.
Carayannis, E. G., Barth, T. D., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2012). The Quintuple Helix innovation model: Global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 1-12.
Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2009). ‘Mode 3’and ‘Quadruple Helix’: Toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem. International Journal of Technology Management, 46(3/4), 201-234.
Carayannis, E. G., Grigoroudis, E., Campbell, D. F. J., Meissner, D., & Stamati, D. (2017). The ecosystem as helix: An exploratory theory-building study of regional co-opetitive entrepreneurial ecosystems as Quadruple/Quintuple Helix Innovation Models. R & D Management, 48(1), 148-162.
Coen, D., & Thatcher, M. (2008). Network governance and multi-level delegation: European networks of regulatory agencies. Journal of Public Policy, 28(1), 49-71.
Cooper, T. L., Bryer, T. A., & Meek, J. W. (2006). Citizen centered collaborative public management. Public Administration Review, 66(Special Issue), 76-88.
Crosby, B. C., Bryson, J. M., & Stone, M. M. (2010). Leading across frontiers: How visionary leaders integrate people, processes, structures and resources. In Osbornce, S.P. (Ed.). The New Public Governance? Emerging Perspectives on the Theory and Practice of Public Governance. New York: Routledge.
Denhardt, J. V., & Denhardt, R. B. (2015). The New Public Service: Serving, not Steering. New York: Routledge.
Downs, A. (1967). Inside Bureaucracy. Boston: Little, Brown.
Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University. (B.E.2559). Sun Wichai Paiyannoi Khrongsang Munthan Paiyannoi Chat Rap Fang Khwam Khithen Khrang Thi [2] Ngan Sueksa Paiyannoi Rabop Khonsong Satharana Chao Khon Kaen Toprap Pen Yang Di. Retrieved March 25, 2019 from https://www.en.kku.ac.th/web/ชาวขอนแก่นตอบรับรถไฟฟ้า/.
Gore, A. (1993). From Red Tape to Results: Creating Government That Works Better and Costs Less: Report of the National Performance Review. Washington D.C.: US Government Printing Office.
Hood, C. (1991). A public management for all seasons Public Administration, 69(Spring 1991), 3-19.
Infographic timeline LRT. (B.E.2560). Retrieved March 4, 2019 from http://www.smartgrowththailand.org/infographic-timeline-lrt-kk/.
John, P. (2009). Can citizen governance redress the representative bias of political participation? Public Administration Review, 69(3), 494-503.
Jones, C., Hesterly, W. S., & Borgatti, S. P. (1997). A general theory of network governance: Exchange conditions and social mechanisms. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 911-945.
Kamensky, J. (1999). Brief History of the National Partnership for Reinventing Government. Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/whoweare/history2.html.
Kamnuansilpa, P., & Sudhipongpracha, T. (B.E.2559). Phatthanakan Kan Borihan Phak Rat Khong Thai Chak Adit Su Anakhot. Khon Kaen: Khlang Nana Witthaya.
Kamnuansilpa, P., Wongthanavasu, S., & Sudhipongpracha, T. (B.E.2557). Fortune Seeking in Thailand: An Analysis of Social Policy Alternatives. Khon Kaen: College of Local Administration, Khon Kaen University.
Khon Kaen Municipality. (B.E.2559). Changwat Khon Kaen Prachum Sarup Kho Chai Photho Sun Wichai Khao Pen Sathani Rot Rang. Retri eved March 4, 2019 from https://www.facebook.com/kkmuni.Activity/posts/1813626415526216.
Khon Kaen Municipality. (B.E.2556). Panha Charachon Mueang Khon Kaen. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAWLnIKjJGg.
Khon Kaen Transit System Co., Ltd. (B.E.2560). Khrang Raek Nai Thai!! Thon Chut Khon Kaen Chap Mue [4] Thetsaban Chattang Borisat [KKTS]. Retrieved March 26, 2019 from Khon Kaen Transit System Co., Ltd. website: https://www.kkts.co.th/home/776.
Klungboonkrong, P. (B.E.2558). Rongnayokratthamontri Harue Achan Witsawa Paiyannoi Phrom Fai Pokkhrong Khon Kaen Harue Rabop Khonsong. Retrieved March 19, 2019 from https://m.kku.ac.th/news/content.php?did=N0011357&l=th.
Leydesdorff, L., & Etzkowitz, H. (1998). The triple helix as a model for innovation studies. Science and Public Policy, 25(3), 195-203.
Lipsky, M. (2010). Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Service. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Lynn Jr, L. E. (2001). The myth of the bureaucratic paradigm: What traditional public administration really stood for. Public Administration Review, 61(2), 144-160.
___________. (2006). Public Management: Old and New. New York: Routledge.
Osborne, S. P. (2006). The new public governance? Public Management Review, 8(3), 377-387.
___________. (2010). Introduction the (new) public governance: A suitable case for treatment? In Osborne, S.P. (Ed.). The New Public Governance? Emerging Perspectives on the Theory and Practice of Public Governance. New York: Routledge.
Parliamentary Budget Office. (B.E.2559). Kan Wikhro Kan Ruam Thun Rawang Phak Rat Lae Ekkachon [Public Private Partnership: PPP]. Khon Kaen: The Secretariat of the House of Representatives.
Peters, B. G. (1997). A North American perspective on administrative modernization in Europe. In Kickert, W. J. M. (Ed.). Public Management and Administrative Reform in Western Europe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
__________. (2010). The Politics of Bureaucracy. New York: Routledge.
Pfiffner, J. P. (2004). Traditional public administration versus the new public management: Accountability versus efficiency. In Benz, A., Siedentopf, H., & Sommermann, K. P. (Eds.). Institutionenbildung in Regierung und Verwaltung: Festschrift fur Klaus Konig. Berlin, Germany: Duncker & Humbolt.
Pratomchai, J. (B.E.2559). Sonkho Mop Mokho Wang Rabop Khonsong Muanchon Khon Kaen Khat [2] Pi Sang Tam Nayobai Rat. Retrieved February 28, 2019 from https://www.kku.ac.th/news/v.php?q=0012160&l=th.
Provan, K. G., & Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of network governance: Structure, management, and effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(2), 229-252.
Reinikka, R., & Svensson, J. (1999). How Inadequate Provision of Public Infrastructure and Services Affects Private Investment. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
Rhodes, R. A. W. (1996). The new governance: Governing without government. Political Studies, 44(4), 652-667.
Robinson, K., & Morgan, D. (2014). Local government as polity leadership: Implications for new public governance. In Morgan, D. F. New Public Governance: A Regime-Centered Perspective. New York: Routledge.
Ruengwicha, P. (B.E.2557). Rong Borihan [COLA] [KKU] Nam Sanoe Kongthun Mueang To Romoto Khamanakhom. Retrieved March 4, 2019 from https://m.kku.ac.th/news/content.php?did=N0008020&l=th.
_____________. (B.E.2559). Phuborihan [COLA] [KKU] Ruam Nam Sanoe Khwam Kaona Khonsong Muanchon Khon Kaen To Phonchut o o Pra Chin Chan Tong. Retrieved March 20, 2019 from http://www.cola.kku.ac.th/main/news.php?id=111.
Salamon, L. M. (2000). The new governance and the tools of public action: An introduction. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 28(5), 1611-1674.
Sørensen, E., & Torfing, J. (2012). Introduction: Collaborative innovation in the public sector. The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 17(1), 1-14.
Stoker, G. (1998). Governance as theory: Five propositions. International Social Science Journal, 50(155), 17-28.
Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center. (B.E.2558). Mati Khana Kam Kan Chat Rabop Kan Charachon Thang Bok Khochoro. Retrieved April 22, 2019 from http://www.kts2016.com/news.php?id=2.
Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center. (B.E.2559a). Muea Rot Rang Sang Mueang Khrong Kansueksa Okbaep Raila iat Rabop Khonsong Satharana Nai Khet Changwat Khon Kaen Lae Phonkrathop Singwaetlom. Khon Kaen: Khlang Nana Witthaya.
_____________________________________________________. (B.E.2559b). Nakthurakit Phunam Chumchon Khon Kaen Sammana Khuekkhak Nun Reng Rotfaifa Rang Bao. Retrieved April 22, 2019 from http://www.kts2016.com/news.php?id=17.
_____________________________________________________. (B.E.2560). Kan Chat Prachum Rap Fang Khwam Khithen Klum Yoi [Focus Group]. Retrieved July 4, 2019 from http://www.kts2016.com/news.php?id=21.
Techasanee, N. (B.E.2562). Yang Wing Mai Ok! “Rotfaifa Khon Kaen” Tit Lom Reng Cheracha Ha Thang Ok. Retrieved July 4, 2019 from https://www.thebangkokinsight.com/87872/.
Thairath Online. (B.E.2557). Pra Chin Truat Rabop Kan Khonsong Thi Khon Kaen. Retrieved March 4, 2019 from https://www.thairath.co.th/content/470413.
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