The Conversion Strategies of Protestant Missionaries in Chiang Mai City
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper argues that the Protestant missionaries who understand the varying logics of conversion and adopt contemporary Western style as their mission strategy thrive in the modern landscape of Chiang Mai city. Based on an iconic case study of a successful Protestant missionary in the modern milieu of Chiang Mai city, this research paper problematizes scholarly explanation pertaining to the unsuccessful conversion strategies of Protestant missionaries. By utilizing in-depth qualitative interviews and participation observation as its research methodology, this research examines the elements of modernity adopted by one of the fastest growing churches in Chiang Mai city. The findings elucidate the importance of incorporating contemporary Western style in singing, preaching and teaching as a trend to attract the Thais into the church community. Given the scarcity of literature in Christian anthropology in Thailand, this paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of the dynamic relationship between conversion and modernity, and to remove the static belief of “Being a Thai is being a Buddhist”.
Article Details
- เนื้อหาและข้อมูลที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารรัฐศาสตร์และรัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ถือเป็นข้อคิดเห็นและความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียนบทความโดยตรง ซึ่งกองบรรณาธิการวารสารรัฐศาสตร์และรัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ ไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นด้วย หรือร่วมรับผิดชอบใดๆ
- บทความและข้อมูล ที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ในวารสารรัฐศาสตร์และรัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสาร หากบุคคลหรือหน่วยงานใดต้องการนำข้อมูลไปใช้ประโยชน์ในทางวิชาการ ขอให้อ้างอิงแหล่งที่มาด้วย
References
Adams, C. (2015). The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-vegetarian Critical Theory. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Adams, C., & Donovan, J. (1999). Introduction. In Adams, C., & Donovan, J. (Eds.). Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations (pp. 1-8). Durham: Duke University Press.
Alvarado, P. (2016). 9 Everyday Products You Didn't Know Had Animal Ingredients. Retrieved September 10, 2019, from https://www.treehugger.com/green-food/9-everyday-products-you-didnt-know-had-animal-ingredients.html
Aquinas, T. (1929). Summa Theologica. (Fathers of the English Dominican, Trans.). London: Burns Oates & Washbourne Ltd.
Aristotle. (2009). Politics. (Barker, E., Trans.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Augustine. (1966). The Catholic and Manichaean Ways of Life. (Gallagher, D. A., & Gallagher, I. J., Trans.). Boston: The Catholic University Press.
Bellamy, J., & Clark, B. (2018). Marx and Alienated Speciesism. Monthly Review, (70)7. Retrieved September 10, 2019, from https://monthlyreview.org/2018/12/01/marx-and-alienated-speciesism/
Benton, T. (1993). Natural Relations: Ecology, Animal Rights & Social Justice. London: Verso.
______. (2011). Humanism = Speciesism? Marx on Humans and Animals. In Sanbonmatsu, J. (Ed.). Critical Theory and Animal Liberation (pp. 99-119). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Bogss, C. (2011). Corporate Power, Ecological Crisis, and Animal Rights. In Sanbonmatsu, J. (Ed.). Critical Theory and Animal Liberation (pp. 71-96). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Capps, A. (2013). Catching Up With Science: Burying the ‘Humans Need Meat’ Argument. Retrieved September 10, 2019, from freefromharm.org/health-nutrition/catching-up-with-science-burying-the-humans-need-meat-argument/
Charlton, A., Coce, S., & Francione, G. (1993). The American Left Should Support an Animal Right: A Manifesto. The Animals’ Agenda, 28–34.
Cochrane, A. (2010). An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Descartes, R. (1998). Discourse on Method. (Cress, D. A., Trans.). Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company.
Forbes. (2019). Thailand’s 50 Richest. Retrieved September 10, 2019, from https://www.forbes.com/thailand-billionaires/list/
Grant, J., & Jungkunz, V. (Eds.). (2011). Political Theory and the Animal/Human Relationship. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Gruen, L. (2011). Ethics and Animals: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gunderson, R. (2011). Marx’s Comments on Animal Welfare. Rethinking Marxism, 23(4), 543-548.
Igor, I. (2018). Most Active Large Agribusiness Corporations in the AgTech Domain. Retrieved September 10, 2019, from https://medium.com/remote-sensing-in-agriculture/most-active-large-agribusiness-corporations-in-the-agtech-domain-dd0f16c1c684
Kant, I. (1963). Lectures on Ethics. (Infield, L., Trans.). New York: Harper & Row.
Kongkirati, P., & Kanchoochat, V. (2018). The Prayuth Regime: Embedded Military and Hierarchical Capitalism in Thailand. TRaNS: Trans-Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia, 6(2), 279-305.
Kru, E. (2018). 10 Everyday Items That Contain Animal Products. Retrieved September 10, 2019, from https://raisevegan.com/10-everyday-items-that-contain-animal-products/
Kymlicka, W., & Donaldson, S. (2014). Animal Rights, Multiculturalism, and the Left. Social Philosophy, 45(1), 116-135.
Llorente, R. (2011). Reflections on the Prospects for a Non-speciesist Marxism. In Sanbonmatsu, J. (Ed.). Critical Theory and Animal Liberation (pp. 121-135). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Macdonald, B. (2011). Marx and the Human/Animal Dialectic. In Grant, J., & Jungkunz, V. (Eds.). Political Theory and the Animal/human Relationship (pp. 23-48). Albany: State University of New York Press.
Marx, K. (1978a). Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. In Tucker, R. (Ed.). The Marx-Engels Reader (pp. 66-125). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
______. (1978b). On the Jewish Question. In Tucker, R. (Ed.). The Marx-Engels Reader (pp. 26-52). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
______. (1990). Capital Volume I. (Fowkes, B., Trans.). London: Penguin Books.
______. (1993). Capital Volume II. (Fernbach, D., Trans.). London: Penguin Books.
Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1978a). Manifesto of the Communist Party. In Tucker, R. (Ed.). The Marx-Engels Reader (pp. 469-500). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
______. (1978b). The German Ideology Part I. In Tucker, R. (Ed.). The Marx-Engels Reader (pp. 146-200). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Nibert, D. (2013). Animal Oppression & Human Violence. New York: Columbia University Press.
Painter, C. (2016). Non-human Animals Within Contemporary Capitalism: A Marxist Account of Non-Human Animal Liberation. Capital & Class, 40(2), 325-343.
Perlo, K. (2002). Marxism and the Underdog. Society & Animals 10(3), 303-318.
Petre, A. (2016). 6 Science-based Health Benefits of Eating Vegan. Healthline.com. Retrieved September 10, 2019, from www.healthline.com/nutrition/vegan-diet-benefits
Phongpaichit, P., & Baker, C. (2004). Thaksin: The Business of Politics in Thailand. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.
Rahim, L. (2018). Six Reasons to Go Vegan, According to Science. Retrieved September 10, 2019, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/body/six-reasons-go-vegan-according-science/
Regan, T. (2004). The Case for Animal Rights. Berkley: University of California Press.
Sanbonmatu, J. (2011). Introduction. In Sanbonmatsu, J. (Ed.). Critical Theory and Animal Liberation (pp. 55-69). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Sharma, S. (2018). Mighty Giants: Leaders of the Global Meat Complex. The Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy. Retrieved September 10, 2019, from https://www.iatp.org/blog/leaders-global-meat-complex
Singer, P. (2002). Animal Liberation. New York: HarperCollins.
Soronson, J. (2011). Constructing Extremists, Rejecting Compassion: Ideological Attacks on Animal Advocacy from Right and Left. In Sanbonmatsu, J. (Ed.). Critical Theory and Animal Liberation (pp. 219-237). Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Stache, C. (2018). On the Origins of Animalist Marxism. Monthly Review, (70)1. Retrieved September 10, 2019, from https://monthlyreview.org/2018/12/01/on-the-origins-of-animalist-marxism/
Torres, B. (2007). Making a Killing: The Political Economy of Animal Rights. Oakland: AK Press.
Wilde, L. (2000). The Creatures, Too, Must Become Free? Marx and the Animal/Human Distinction. Capital & Class, 24(3), 37-53.