A Study on the Properties of Concrete Blocks Mixed with Rubber Seed Shells: A New Approach to Environmentally Friendly Building Materials
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Abstract
This study aims to develop lightweight concrete blocks using ground rubber seed shells (RRIM600), an agricultural by-product rich in cellulose, as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate (crushed stone). The research objective is to enhance thermal insulation, reduce unit weight, and lower production costs, while maintaining the minimum compressive strength (≥ 2.5 MPa) as specified by the Thai Industrial Standard (TIS 58–2533). Rubber seed shells were used to replace crushed stone in proportions ranging from 0% to 100% by weight. The optimal mix (A2), with 20% replacement, achieved an average compressive strength of 4.98 MPa. When molded into standard concrete block dimensions (19 × 39 × 7 cm), the A2 mix reduced unit weight by 10.58% compared to the control mix (A0), and by 7.00% compared to conventional market blocks. Thermal conductivity decreased by 18.87% and 21.40%, respectively, indicating enhanced thermal performance. Field testing further revealed that buildings constructed with A2 blocks exhibited indoor temperatures up to 1.04 °C lower during the day compared to buildings using conventional concrete blocks. Additionally, the production cost of A2 blocks was 7.70% lower than the average market price, demonstrating its cost-effectiveness.
These findings underscore the potential of rubber seed shells as an eco-friendly alternative material that adds value to agricultural waste, supports sustainable construction practices, and aligns with circular economy principles.
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