The Influence of E-residency on Competitive Identity and Soft Power: The Case of Estonia
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Abstract
This research aimed to examine the concepts, operations, and outcomes of the E-residency program and to explain its impacts on Estonia’s competitive identity and soft power. A qualitative research method was employed, involving the analysis of relevant documents and thematic analysis of core phenomena, alongside reliability checks based on triangulation for data verification. The study found that the digital citizenship program builds upon the continuously developed digital infrastructure established since gaining independence from the Soviet Union. It has fostered a new cross-border entrepreneurial ecosystem and a platform for business in the era of Industry 4.0. Simultaneously, it has strategically enhanced the country’s competitive identity, improving its competitiveness while creating a distinct image on the global stage. Furthermore, it has influenced the creation of soft power for Estonia by leveraging its leadership in technology and innovation to promote economic interdependence through digital diplomacy and championing ideals of openness and equal access recognized internationally. Consequently, this program has extended Estonia’s global influence, transcending the limitations of its small territory and population, resonating with the concept articulated as far back as 1869: ‘If we cannot be large in numbers, we must embody greatness in spirit.’
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