REVISITING THE SUPPORT-ENGAGEMENT DYNAMICS: WORK ENGAGEMENT AS A KEY DRIVER OF ORGANISATIONAL SUPPORT AND NURSE WELL-BEING IN A THAI HOSPITAL SETTING

Authors

  • Pasinee KONGPHETCH Koh Samui Hospital, Thailand
  • Chanta JHANTASANA Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14456/aisr.2025.16

Keywords:

Nurse Well-being, Work Engagement, Organizational Support, Quality of Work Life, Healthcare Management

Abstract

This study re-examines the relationship between Quality of Nursing Work Life (QNWL), Work Engagement (WE), Perceived Organizational Support (POS), and Work Happiness (WH) among nurses in a Thai hospital setting. Addressing the global challenge of nurse retention and its impact on quality of care, this research investigates WE as a primary driver of POS. Data from 100 nurses were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), revealing a model where QNWL significantly enhances WE. Subsequently, WE positively influences POS and contributes to WH. These findings challenge traditional views by highlighting the pivotal role of WE in shaping perceptions of organizational support. The implications suggest that hospital administrators prioritize initiatives fostering WE to create a supportive environment that promotes nurse well-being and job satisfaction. This study contributes to the sustainable organization literature by underscoring the need to revisit existing assumptions about support-engagement dynamics in healthcare settings.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aamir, A., Hamid, A., Haider, M., & Akhtar, C. (2016). Work-life balance, job satisfaction and nurses retention: moderating role of work volition. International Journal of Business Excellence, 10(4), 488-501.

Aiken, L., Sermeus, W., van den Heede, K., Sloane, D., Busse, R., McKee, M., …, & Kutney-Lee, A. (2012). Patient Safety, Satisfaction, and Quality of Hospital Care: Cross Sectional Surveys of Nurses and Patients in 12 Countries in Europe and the United States. British Medical Journal, 344, e1717.

Al-Dossary, R. (2022). Leadership style, work engagement and organizational commitment among nurses in Saudi Arabian hospitals. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 14, 71-81.

Al Mutair, A., Al Bazroun, M., Almusalami, E., Aljarameez, F., Alhasawi, A., Alahmed, F., ..., & Ahmed, G. (2022). Quality of nursing work life among nurses in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Nursing Reports, 12(4), 1014-1022.

Alharbi, F., Mustafa, Z., & Benoy, M. (2022). Nurses turnover: Retention of the staff. Open Journal of Nursing, 12(3), 199-219.

Almarshad, S., Toukabri, M., & Yillah, M. (2019). Quality of work life as a determinant of social responsibility in the public sector: the case of the governmental sector of the northern borders region in Saudi Arabia. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(1), 82-82.

Almeida, D., Figueiredo, A., & Lucas, P. (2024). Nurses' Well-Being at Work in a Hospital Setting: A Scoping Review. Healthcare, 12(2), 173.

Apidechkul, T., Chomchoei, C., & Upala, P. (2022). Epidemiology of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus among hill tribe adults in Thailand. Scientific Reports, 12, 3969.

Ayed, A., Ejheisheh, M., Aqtam, I., Batran, A., & Farajallah, M. (2024). The Relationship Between Professional Quality of Life and Work Environment Among Nurses in Intensive Care Units. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 61, 00469580241297974.

Bakker, A., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13(3), 209-223.

Bakker, A., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands-resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273-285.

Banan, S. (2017). Perceived organizational support, psychological empowerment and intention to stay among staff nurses at a selected hospital. International Journal of Nursing Didactics, 7(3), 42-50.

Barello, S., Graffigna, G., & Vegni, E. (2012). Patient engagement as an emerging challenge for healthcare services: mapping the literature. Nursing Research and Practice, 2012, 905934.

Biggs, A., Brough, P., & Barbour, J. (2014). Relationships of individual and organizational support with engagement: Examining various types of causality in a three-wave study. Work & Stress, 28(3), 236-254.

Biswas, S., & Bhatnagar, J. (2013). Mediator analysis of employee engagement: role of perceived organizational support, PO fit, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Vikalpa, 38(1), 27-40.

Blau, P. (2017). Exchange and power in social life. London: Routledge.

Boamah, S., Laschinger, H., Wong, C., & Clarke, S. (2018). Effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and patient safety outcomes. Nursing Outlook, 66(2), 180-189.

Boehm, J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Does happiness promote career success?. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(1), 101-116.

Brooks, B., & Anderson, M. (2005). Defining quality of nursing work life. Nursing Economic, 23(6), 319-326.

Caputo, A., Gatti, P., Clari, M., Garzaro, G., Dimonte, V., & Cortese, C. (2023). Leaders’ role in shaping followers’ well-being: crossover in a sample of nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2386.

Carvalho, T., Lourenção, L., Pinto, M., Viana, R., Moreira, A., Mello, L., ..., & Gomes, A. (2023). Quality of life and work engagement among nursing staff at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 28, 2903-2913.

Chebli, A., & Said, F. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 on Tourist Consumption Behaviour: A Perspective Article. Journal of Tourism Management Research, 7(2), 196-207.

Chen, C., & Chen, F. (2010). Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism Management, 31(1), 29-35.

Chen, K., Wu, H., & Wu, H. (2025). Impact of violence on work morale on Taiwanese nurses: The moderator of perceived organizational support. International Nursing Review, 72(1), e13098.

Chenoweth, L., Merlyn, T., Jeon, Y., Tait, F., & Duffield, C. (2014). Attracting and retaining qualified nurses in aged and dementia care: outcomes from an a ustralian study. Journal of Nursing Management, 22(2), 234-247.

Dall'Ora, C., Saville, C., Rubbo, B., Turner, L., Jones, J., & Griffiths, P. (2022). Nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 134, 104311.

Dutra, C., & Guirardello, E. (2021). Nurse work environment and its impact on reasons for missed care, safety climate, and job satisfaction: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(5), 2398-2406.

Eisenberger, R., Shanock, L., & Wen, X. (2020). Perceived organizational support: Why caring about employees counts. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7(1), 101-124.

Eisenberger, R., & Stinglhamber, F. (2011). Perceived organizational support: Fostering enthusiastic and productive employees. Massachusetts: American Psychological Association.

Eisenberger, R., Wen, X., Zheng, D., Yu, J., Liu, Z., Zhang, J., ..., & Zagenczyk, T. (2025). Does felt obligation or gratitude better explain the relationship between perceived organizational support and outcomes?. Group & Organization Management, 50(1), 243-288.

Fredrickson, B. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. The American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226.

Ghazawy, E., Mahfouz, E., Mohammed, E., & Refaei, S. (2021). Nurses’ work engagement and its impact on the job outcomes. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(2), 320-327.

Gorji, H., Etemadi, M., & Hoseini, F. (2014). Perceived organizational support and job involvement in the Iranian health care system A case study of emergency room nurses in general hospitals. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 3(1), DOI: 10.4103/2277-9531.134760.

Hashish, E. (2017). Relationship between ethical work climate and nurses’ perception of organizational support, commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intent. Nursing Ethics, 24(2), 151-166.

Henseler, J. (2017). ADANCO 2.0.1. North Rhine-Westphalia: Composite Modeling GmbH & Co.

Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(7), 1073-1082.

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.

Huang, Y., Zhang, H., Qin, Z., Zou, Y., Feng, Z., & Cheng, J. (2023). The impact of meaning in life and professional happiness on the turnover intention of health care workers: a cross-sectional study from China. Human Resources for Health, 21, 92.

Ilmalwa, W., & Hlatywayo, C. (2022). Meaning of work, satisfaction with life, happiness, and work engagement, among nurses at selected state hospital, Windhoek, Namibia. Health & Research Journal, 8(1), 23-34.

Jhantasana, C. (2023). Should a rule of thumb be used to calculate PLS-SEM sample size. Asia Social Issues, 16(5), e254658-e254658.

Jones, C. (2005). Nurse turnover: Why it is such a tough problem to solve?. Nurse Leader, 3(3), 43-47.

Kahn, W. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724.

Kanste, O. (2011). Work engagement, work commitment and their association with well‐being in health care. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 25(4), 754-761.

Keyko, K., Cummings, G., Yonge, O., & Wong, C. (2016). Work engagement in professional nursing practice: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 61, 142-164.

Koca, M., Deniz, S., İnceoğlu, F., & Kılıç, A. (2024). The Effects of Workload Excess on Quality of Work Life in Third-Level Healthcare Workers: A Structural Equation Modeling Perspective. Healthcare, 12(6), 651.

Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS‐SEM: The inverse square root and gamma‐exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227-261.

Kohnen, D., de Witte, H., Schaufeli, W., Dello, S., Bruyneel, L., & Sermeus, W. (2024). Engaging leadership and nurse well-being: the role of the work environment and work motivation—a cross-sectional study. Human Resources for Health, 22, 8.

Leiter, M., Harvie, P., & Frizzell, C. (1998). The correspondence of patient satisfaction and nurse burnout. Social Science & Medicine, 47(10), 1611-1617.

Liu, D., Zou, M., Ma, Y., Xie, Y., Zhang, W., Sun, C., ..., & Cui, Y. (2025). The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and Work Engagement in the Relationship Between Well‐Being and Turnover Intention Among Nurses in China. Journal of Nursing Management, 2025, 8839576.

Lu, H., Zhao, Y., & While, A. (2019). Job satisfaction among hospital nurses: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 94, 21-31.

Makowicz, D., Lisowicz, K., Bryniarski, K., Dziubaszewska, R., Makowicz, N., & Dobrowolska, B. (2022). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on job satisfaction among professionally active nurses in five European countries. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1006049.

Malki, S., Hamouda, G., & Felemban, O. (2020). Relationship between perceived organizational support and quality of nurses’ work life at King Fahad Hospital-Saudi Arabia. Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science, 10(10), 1349-1360.

Mascarenhas, C., Galvão, A., & Marques, C. (2022). How Perceived Organizational Support, Identification with Organization and Work Engagement Influence Job Satisfaction: A Gender-Based Perspective. Administrative Sciences, 12(2), 66.

Mazzetti, G., Robledo, E., Vignoli, M., Topa, G., Guglielmi, D., & Schaufeli, W. (2023). Work engagement: A meta-analysis using the job demands-resources model. Psychological Reports, 126(3), 1069-1107.

Mosadeghrad, A. (2013). Quality of working life: an antecedent to employee turnover intention. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 1(1), 43-50.

Moss, E., Seifert, P., & O’Sullivan, A. (2016). Registered Nurses as Interprofessional Collaborative Partners: Creating Value-Based Outcomes. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 21(3), 4.

Mudallal, R., Othman, W., & Al Hassan, N. (2017). Nurses’ burnout: the influence of leader empowering behaviors, work conditions, and demographic traits. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 54, https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958017724944.

Nagai, S., Ogata, Y., Yamamoto, T., Fedyk, M., & Bell, J. (2023). A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Personal and Professional Resources on Nurses’ Work Engagement: A Comparison of Early-Career and Mid-Later-Career Nurses. Healthcare, 11(1), 76.

Nazir, S., Qun, W., Hui, L., & Shafi, A. (2018). Influence of social exchange relationships on affective commitment and innovative behavior: Role of perceived organizational support. Sustainability, 10(12), 4418.

Ni, Y., Wen, Y., Xu, Y., He, L., & You, G. (2023). The relationship between work practice environment and work engagement among nurses: The multiple mediation of basic psychological needs and organizational commitment a cross-sectional survey. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1123580.

Nowrouzi, B., Lightfoot, N., Carter, L., Larivière, M., Rukholm, E., Schinke, R., & Belanger-Gardner, D. (2015). The relationship between quality of work life and location of cross-training among obstetric nurses in urban northeastern Ontario, Canada: A population-based cross sectional study. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 28(3), 571-586.

Omar, W., Zaid, D., Mohamad, N., & Ismail, Z. (2021). Conceptualizing the impact of work-life balance on job satisfaction-can the issues be resolved among nurses?. Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research, 9(1), 1-15.

Orgambídez, A., & Almeida, H. (2020). Supervisor support and affective organizational commitment: The mediator role of work engagement. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 42(3), 187-193.

Othman, N., & Nasurdin, A. (2013). Social support and work engagement: a study of Malaysian nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 21(8), 1083-1090.

Paine, J., Jansen, K., & Seo, M. (2021). Engagement or depletion: the relationship between change and work engagement. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2021(1), 14911.

Perlo, J., Balik, B., Swensen, S., Kabcenell, A., Landsman, J., & Feeley, D. (2017). IHI Framework for Improving Joy in Work. Massachusetts: Institute for Healthcare Improvement.

Radwan, S., Gad, R., & Kassem, A. (2018). Organizational support and work engagement as perceived by head nurses at Mansoura University Hospital. International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, 5(3), 14-24.

Rahim, S., Azeem, F., & Paracha, A. (2023). Curtailing the Impact of Abusive Supervision on Counter-productive Work Behaviors: Using Conservation of Resource Lens to Analyze the Moderating Role of Work Engagement. Journal of Social Sciences Review, 3(2), 1075-1088.

Raza, B., Ali, M., Naseem, K., Moeed, A., Ahmed, J., & Hamid, M. (2018). Impact of trait mindfulness on job satisfaction and turnover intentions: Mediating role of work-family balance and moderating role of work-family conflict. Cogent Business & Management, 5(1), 1542943.

Rethinam, G., & Ismail, M. (2008). Constructs of Quality of Work Life: A Perspective of Information and Technology Professionals. European Journal of Social Science, 7(1), 58-70.

Riggle, R., Edmondson, D., & Hansen, J. (2009). A meta-analysis of the relationship between perceived organizational support and job outcomes: 20 years of research. Journal of Business Research, 62(10), 1027-1030.

Ross, P., & Zaidi, N. (2019). Limited by our limitations. Perspectives on Medical Education, 8, 261-264.

Saber, R., Mostafa, G., & Soliman, E. (2024). Effect of Educational Program about Organizational Support on Nurses' Work Performance. Journal of Nursing Science Benha University, 5(2), 525-544.

Sahni, J. (2019). Role of quality of work life in determining employee engagement and organizational commitment in telecom industry. International Journal for Quality Research, 13(2), 285-300.

Sajjad, N., & Abbasi, B. (2014). Studying the Relationship between Quality of work life and Organizational Commitment. Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3(2), 92-99.

Saks, A. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600-619.

Salahat, M., & Al-Hamdan, Z. (2022). Quality of nursing work life, job satisfaction, and intent to leave among Jordanian nurses: A descriptive study. Heliyon, 8(7), e09838.

Salanova, M., Agut, S., & Peiró, J. (2005). Linking Organizational Resources and Work Engagement to Employee Performance and Customer Loyalty: The Mediation of Service Climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1217-1227.

Schaufeli, W., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92.

Shanafelt, T., Balch, C., Dyrbye, L., Bechamps, G., Russell, T., Satele, D., Rummans, T., Swartz, K., Novotny, P., & Sloan, J. (2011). Special report: suicidal ideation among American surgeons. Archives of Surgery, 146(1), 54-62.

Shantz, A., Alfes, K., & Whiley, L. (2016). HRM in healthcare: the role of work engagement. Personnel Review, 45(2), 274-295.

Sheng, H., Tian, D., Sun, L., Hou, Y., & Liu, X. (2023). Nurse practice environment, perceived organizational support, general well‐being, occupational burnout and turnover intention: A moderated multi‐mediation model. Nursing Open, 10(6), 3828-3839.

Sibuea, Z., Sulastiana, M., & Fitriana, E. (2024). Factor Affecting the Quality of Work Life Among Nurses: A Systematic Review. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 17, 491-503.

Simbula, S., Guglielmi, D., & Schaufeli, W. (2011). A three-wave study of job resources, self-efficacy, and work engagement among Italian schoolteachers. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(3), 285-304.

Sirgy, M., Efraty, D., Siegel, P., & Lee, D. (2001). A new measure of quality of work life (QWL) based on need satisfaction and spillover theories. Social Indicators Research, 55, 241-302.

Soper, D. (2022). A-priori sample size calculator for structural equation models. Texas: DanielSoper.

Swamy, D., Nanjundeswaraswamy, T., & Rashmi, S. (2015). Quality of work life: scale development and validation. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 8(2), 281-300.

Tao, H., Ellenbecker, C., Wang, Y., & Li, Y. (2015). Examining the perception of job satisfaction and intention to leave among ICU nurses in China. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 2(2), 140-148.

Taris, T., & Schaufeli, W. (2016). The job demands-resources model. In S. Clarke, T. Probst, F. Guldenmund, & J. Passmore. (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell handbook of the psychology of occupational safety and workplace health (pp. 157-180). New Jersey: Wiley.

Thakral, P., Dash, S., Sharma, D., & Ghosh, K. (2025). High-performance Work Systems and Affective Commitment: The Mediating Role of Job Embeddedness and Perceived Organizational Support. Business Perspectives and Research, https://doi.org/10.1177/2

van Laar, D., Edwards, J., & Easton, S. (2007). The Work‐Related Quality of Life scale for healthcare workers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 60(3), 325-333.

Wallace, J., Lemaire, J., & Ghali, W. (2009). Physician wellness: a missing quality indicator. Lancet, 374(9702), 1714-1721.

Wang, X., Liu, L., Zou, F., Hao, J., & Wu, H. (2017). Associations of Occupational Stressors, Perceived Organizational Support, and Psychological Capital with Work Engagement among Chinese Female Nurses. BioMed Research International, 2017, 5284628.

Williams, S., Fruh, S., Barinas, J., & Graves, R. (2022). Self-care in nurses. Journal of Radiology Nursing, 41(1), 22-27.

Yalabik, Z., Rayton, B., & Rapti, A. (2017). Facets of job satisfaction and work engagement. Evidence-based HRM, 5(3), 248-265.

Zhang, X., Huang, H., Du, H., & Li, D. (2025). Mitigating the impact of emotional exhaustion among young intensive care unit nurses: A structural equation model based on the conservation of resources theory. Nursing in Critical Care, https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.13266.

Zhou, F., Long, K., Shen, H., Yang, Z., Yang, T., Deng, L., & Zhang, J. (2023). Resilience, organizational support, and innovative behavior on nurses’ work engagement: A moderated mediation analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1309667.

Downloads

Published

2025-08-03

How to Cite

KONGPHETCH, P., & JHANTASANA, C. (2025). REVISITING THE SUPPORT-ENGAGEMENT DYNAMICS: WORK ENGAGEMENT AS A KEY DRIVER OF ORGANISATIONAL SUPPORT AND NURSE WELL-BEING IN A THAI HOSPITAL SETTING. Asian Interdisciplinary and Sustainability Review, 14(2), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.14456/aisr.2025.16