An Analytical study of the Killing of Human Being in the Tipitaka

Abstract

This dissertation has three objectives: 1) to study the principles of human life killing in Tipitaka, 2) to analyze the human life killing in Tipitaka, and 3) to present the methods for preventing human life killing in Tipitaka. The researcher mainly focused on the study of Vinaya. Its methodology is a qualitative study and documentary by studying the information from the Tipitaka, Atthakatha, sub-commentaries, academic texts, articles, journals and related research work.

From the study, it found that human life killing in the Tipitaka, indicates the volition using the body or things of those Bhikkhus who kill oneself, ordering to kill, providing the death encouragement causing human death to commit a crime immediately, they ceased from Bhikkhu hood, There are 5 attempts for man life killing, namely: (1) Sāhatthikapayoga or the attempt with one’s body, (2) Nissaggiyapayoga or attempt with arms, (3) Āṇattikapayoga or attempts to direct others, (4) Thāvarapayoga or the effort with available equipment, and(6) Vijjāmayapayoga or the effort with synergy. All these six attempts are subject to the offense of Bhikkhus according to the object and its complete human life killing. Guidelines for preventing the human life killing in the Tipitaka scripture contain 5 methods of prevention, namely: 1) Puññakiriyavatthu or wholesome deeds, 2) preventing the human life killing based on the principle of Pārisuddhi or precept observation, 3) the prevention of human life killing based on the factors of the right view, listening choice, and wisdom discernment, 4)  preventing the human life killing based on Brahmavihara such as proper position as an adult, and 5) preventing the preventing the human life killing based on Kalyāṇamitta principle, for instance, observing one own status for purity, not causing trouble and loss for anyone, being a merit field, It is the base of faithfulness of the people.