Designing an Online Instructional Model for Teaching the Dhammapada

Abstract

This research paper aimed to: (1) study the principles, concepts, and methodologies of online teaching and learning; (2) develop a model for teaching analytical Pali Dhammapada in accordance with educational reform; and (3) propose an innovative approach to learning analytical Dhammapada through an online system. The study employed qualitative research integrated with research and development (R&D) methodologies, including documentary research, relevant learning theories, in-depth interviews with Pali and educational technology experts, and the design, implementation, and evaluation of a prototype learning model.

The findings revealed that an effective online learning environment must be learner-centered, with Robert Gagné’s instructional design theory serving as a framework. The content for the Dhammapada lessons should emphasize analytical learning—moving beyond mere word-for-word translation to include in-depth analysis of Pali vocabulary, grammatical structures, key doctrinal themes, and metaphorical meanings. The instructional design also incorporated multimedia resources such as video lectures, infographics, interactive quizzes, and online assessments. The innovation resulting from this research is the DAeLM (Dhammapada Analytical e-Learning Model), which consists of eight core components: foundational theories, a learning management system (LMS), analytical Dhammapada content, multimedia learning tools, learning activities, multi-dimensional assessments, prototype testing, and further development. The model was tested with a sample group comprising Buddhist monastics and university students, with positive results in both learning achievement and learner satisfaction. This research demonstrates that online instructional models for Dhammapada can enhance deep understanding of Pali scriptures, promote accessibility, and align with the digital era's educational demands. Therefore, the model should be promoted and further developed for broader use in Pali schools, Buddhist universities, and other online Buddhist studies programs.