Smart City: The Synthesis of Meaning
Main Article Content
Abstract
The objectives of this article are to synthesize the meaning of smart city. The meaning of smart city is not only related to science or technological issue but also social science and the other issues. The result of the synthesis was found that the meaning of smart city can be categorized into 6 groups which are, 1) meaning focusing on the technology, 2) meaning focusing on the infrastructure, 3) meaning focusing on good governance, 4) meaning focusing on the sustainable development goals, 5) meaning focusing on quality of life, and 6) meaning focusing on productivity. Thus, it can be said that the combination of what it means to be a smart city is to apply technology to the spatial context to promote the efficient governance of the city and the provision of public services to the people in the city.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
ลิขสิทธิ์
References
เอกชัย สุมาลี. (2558). Smart City: การพัฒนาและปรับใช้ระบบ IT ในการบริหารจัดการเมือง. กรุงเทพฯ: สถาบันพระปกเกล้า.
Adapa, S. (2018). Indian smart cities and cleaner production initiatives: Integrated framework and recommendations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 3351-3366.
Ahvenniemi, H., Huovila, A., Pinto-Seppä, I., & Airaksinen, M. (2017). What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities?. Cities, 60(1), 234-245.
Albono, V., Berardi, U., & Dangelico, R. M. (2015). Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 3-21.
Barrionuevo, J. M., Berrone, P., & Ricart, C. J. E. (2012). Smart Cities, Sustainable Progress: Opportunities for Urban Development. IESE Insight, (55)14, 50-57.
Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., Ouzounis, G., & Portugali, Y. (2012). Smart cites of the future. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 214(1), 481-518.
Belissent, J., Mines, C., Radcliffe, E., & Darashkevich, Y. (2010). Getting Clever About Smart Cities: New Opportunities Require New Business Models. Cambridge: Forrester.
Bright, J. (1995). The Smart City: Communication Utopia or Future Reality?. Telecommunications, 29(9), 175-181.
Chen, T. M. (2010). Smart Grids, Smart Cities Need Better Networks. IEEE Network, 24, 22–23.
Eger, J. M. (2009). Smart growth, Smart cities, and the crisis at the pump a worldwide phenomenon. The Journal of E-Government Policy and Regulation, 32(1), 47-53.
Giffinger, R., Ferner, C., Kramar, H., Meijers, E., & Pichler, M. N. (2007). Smart Cities: Ranking of European medium-sized cities. Austria: Centre of Regional Science Vienna University of Technology.
Hall, R. E., Bowerman, B., Braverman, J., Taylor, J., Todosow, H., & Von Wimmersperg, U. (2000). The vision of a smart city. Upton, NY: Brookhaven National Lab.
Hardoy, J. E., Mitlin, D., & Satterthwaite, D. (2013). Environmental Problems in an Urbanizing World. New York: Routledge.
Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J., & Williams, P. (2010). Foundations for Smarter Cities. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 54(4), 1-16.
Hernandez-Munoz, J. M., Vercher, J. B., Munoz, L., Galache, J. A., Presser, M., Gomez, L. A., & Pettersson, J. (2011). Smart cities at the forefront of the future internet. In J. Domingue et al. (Eds), The future internet assembly (pp. 447-462). Berlin: Heidelberg Springer.
International Telecommunication Union. (2014). Smart sustainable cities: An analysis of definitions. Retrieved from https://www.itu.int/en/ITUT/focusgroups/ssc/Documents/Approved_Deliverables/TR-Definitions.docx.
Ishida, T. (2002). Digital City Kyoto. Communications of the ACM, 45(7), 78–81.
Komninos, N. (2011). Intelligent Cities: Variable Geometries of Spatial Intelligence. Intelligent Buildings International, 3(3), 172-188.
Komninos, N., Pallot, M., & Schaffers, H. (2013). Smart Cities and the Future Internet in Europe. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 4(2), 119-134.
Kourtit, K., Kijkamp, P., & Arribas, D. (2012). Smart cities in perspective: A comparative European study by mean of self-organizing maps. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2), 229-246.
Lara, A. P., Costa, E. M. D., Furlani, T. Z., & Yigitcanlar, T. (2016). Smartness that matters: towards a comprehensive and human-centered characterization of smart cities. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 2(8), 1-13.
Lee, J. H., Phaal, R., & Lee, S. H. (2013). An Integrated Service-device-technology Roadmap for Smart City Development. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(2), 286-306.
Marsal-Llacuna, M. L., Colomer-Llinàs, J., & Meléndez-Frigola, J. (2015). Lessons in urban monitoring taken from sustainable and livable cities to better address the Smart Cities initiative. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 90, 611-622.
Meijer, A., & Bolivar, M. P. R. (2015). Governing the smart city: a review of the literature on smart urban governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82(2), 392-408.
Nam, T., & Pardo, T. A. (2011). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. In Proceeding 12th Conference on Digital Government Research, College Park: MD.
Nijkamp, P., Lombardi, P., Giordano, S., Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., Deakin, M., & Kourtir, K. (2011). An advanced triple-helix network model for smart cities performance. Research Memorandum, 45, 1-22.
Partridge, H. L. (2004). Developing a human perspective to the digital divide in the smart city. In Proceeding on ALIA 2004 Biennial Conference: Challenging ideas, Australia: Gold Coast.
Paskaleva, K. A. (2009). Enabling the smart city: The progress of city E-governance in Europe. International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development, 1(4), 405-422.
Piro, G., Cianci, I., Grieco, L. A., Boggia, G., & Camarda, P. (2014). Information centric services in smart cities. Journal of Systems and Software, 88(1), 169-188.
Seta, F., Sen, J., Biswas, A., & Khare, A. (2017). From Poverty, Inequality to Smart City: Proceedings of the National Conference on Sustainable Built Environment 2015. Singapore: Springer.
Schuler, D. (2002). Digital Cities and Digital Citizens. In M. Tanabe, van den Besselaar P., T. Ishida. (Eds), Digital Cities II: Computational and Sociological Approaches: Second Kyoto Workshop on Digital Cities, Kyoto, Japan, October 18-20, 2001. Revised Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2362) (pp. 71-85). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Thuzar, M. (2011). Urbanization in South East Asia: Developing Smart Cities for the Future?. Regional Outlook. Singapore: Yusof Ishak Institute.
Toppeta, D. (2010). The Smart City Vision: How Innovation and ICT Can Build Smart, “Livable”, Sustainable Cities. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/306968058/Toppeta-Report-005-2010
Townsend, A. M. (2013). Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia. Review of the literature. Sustainable Cities and Society, 45, 348-365.
United Nations. (2011). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/ publications/pdf/urbanization/WUP2011_Report.pdf
United Nations. (2015). World Urbanization Prospects. The 2014 Revision. Retrieved from https://population.un.org/wup/publications/files/wup2014-report.pdf
Washburn, D., Sindhu, U., Balaouras, S., Dines, R. A., Hayes, N. M., & Nelson, L. E. (2010). Helping CIOs Understand ‘Smart City’ Initiatives: Defining the Smart City, its Drivers, and the Role of the CIO. Cambridge, MA: Forrester Research, Inc.
Yigitcanlar, T. (2016). Technology and the city: Systems, applications and implications. New York: Routledge.
Yigitcanlar, T., Han, H., Kamruzzaman, M., Ioppolo, G., & Sabatini-Marques, J. (2019). The making of smart cities: Are Songdo, Masdar, Amsterdam, San Francisco and Brisbane the best we could build?. Land Use Policy, 88(1), 104-187.
Zhao, J. (2011). Towards sustainable cities in China: Analysis and assessment of some Chinese cities in 2008. New York: Springer.