ASEAN and the Democratic Role in the 21st Century: Through English School Theory
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Abstract
The objectives of this article were to 1) explain the democratic role of ASEAN as a secondary institution of regional international society from the perspective of English school theory and 2) analyze the relationships between ASEAN and actors outside the region and their influence on the democratic norms of ASEAN. This research was qualitative research by using documentary research as the main method. The collected primary and secondary data were analyzed using descriptive analysis.
The results of the research found that 1) ASEAN is a secondary institution in the region that plays a role in molding states to behave in accordance with democratic norms and practices of international society. The role of ASEAN in the 21st century is defined in important documents related to the establishment of the ASEAN Community and ASEAN Charter as well as ASEAN's efforts to strengthen democratic processes in the region even in the face of conflicts with traditional ASEAN norms. And 2) ASEAN has had relationships with the United Nations, European Union, and the United States, which strive to push ASEAN to embrace international standards of democracy. Meanwhile, China has taken a stand contrary to international democratic norms. This has allowed China to accept and influence the governments of ASEAN countries that have democratic problems and human rights violations.
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