The Chronology of Graphic Design: from Human Craftsmanship to Artificial Intelligence
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Abstract
This academic article examines the evolution of graphic design using technology as the central analytical framework, divided into eight key eras from the metal type era in the 15th century to the current generative artificial intelligence era. The study adopts a five-component analytical framework consisting of core technology, workflow, aesthetic traces, media/standards, and case studies to demonstrate the chain of connections from tools to work processes, aesthetic language, industry standards, and resulting values. The findings indicate that technology in each era not only transforms tools and production processes but also impacts value chain structures, professional roles, work standards, and ethical considerations. The article synthesizes new knowledge by proposing a "Technology → Workflow →Aesthetics → Standards → Value" model, along with a three-level competency framework for personnel development and curricula in the digital-AI era. It also includes contemporary quality indicators covering both design system maturity levels and digital media provenance readiness, enabling the profession to adapt and leverage technology as a driver for sustainable quality improvement.
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References
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