Guideline of Community Participation for Religious Tourism Development at Wat Phra That Phanom, Nakornphranom Province
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This qualitative research aims 1.to investigate community participation in development of religious tourism at Wat Phra That Phanom, Nakhon Phanom Province and 2. to propose guidelines for community participation in the development of religious tourism at Wat Phra That Phanom, Nakhon Phanom Province. Three groups key informants were interviewed, consisting of four government officials, nine people, and seven vendors. The findings were analyzed by content analysis. It was shown that the local communities had very little participation in decision-making and evaluation. Based on the limited degree of community involvement in the process, they are thus unaware of related local development plans. They were only partial beneficiaries from being employed by the temple in some activities when important religious days. Additionally, it was found that the degree of community participation was quite problematic due to a lack of engagement in proposed activities, poor public relations, and discrete execution. In terms of benefit allocation, there were also not any established community groups or clubs. As a matter of fact, communities were unaware of the progress and consequences of community development schemes. However, they are very interested in joining religious tourism development to promote local civilization. They believed that the proposition of this study could lead to real community development.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Khamdi, K. (2015). Temples and Religious Places in Dimension of Tourism. Journal of Graduate Study in Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(2), 175-192.
Timonthy, D., & Olsen, D. (2006). Tourism, Religion and Spiritual Journeys. Routledge.
Mu, Z., Li, H., Jian-Hong, W., Ji, L., Yan-Geng, J., & Xiting, L. (2007). Religious tourism and cultural pilgrimage: A Chinese perspective. In R. Raj & N.D. Morpeth (Eds). Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Management, an International Perspective, 153–160.
Choe, J., & O’Regan, M. (2015). Religious Tourism Experiences in South East Asia. Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Management: An International Perspective, 2nd Ed. CAB International.
Queen Sirikit Commemorative National Library, Nakhon Phanom. (2017). Nakornpanom. [Nakhon Phanom]. http://www.finearts.go.th/parameters
Siamrath. (2020). Regional news: Power of faith, the amount of merit making, the worship of Phra That Phanom surpassed nearly 30 million, https://siamrath.co.th/n/66532.
Sulemana, M. (2012). Participatory Planning: Ending the Controversies. European Journal of Social Sciences, 28(1), 24–34.
Herny, S.P., Dian Putri, A.M., & Ayu Yayati, W.I.I.D. (2020). Analysis of Community Participation, The Role of Government and Entrepreneurs in The Development of The Spiritual Tourism Village in Karangasem Regency. Biotika, 6(37), 20-30.
Wang, W., & Chen, J. & Huang, K. (2015). Religious Tourist Motivation in Buddhist Mountain: The Case from China. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21. 1-16.
Anismar, D.S., & Ali, M. (2017). Religious Tourism: Concept of Community-Based Tourism in Aceh Singkil, Indonesia. International Conference on Multidisciplinary Studies (MICoMS 2017), 1, 283-288.
Uthienwichianpanya, A., & Anantatanachai, P. (2018). Participation in community cultural development tourism at Nakhonpanom Province. Journal of Multidisciplinary in Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), 26-35.
Inphuwa, R., & Nawaluk, N. (2019). The Rokes of Public Participation in The Conservation of Cultural Tourism. Ramkhamhaeng Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 22(2), 73-83.
Mooncome, O., & Na Thalang, C. (2020). Behaviors of Domestic Tourists in the Special Economic Zone in Nakhon Phanom Province. Dusit Thani College Journal, 14(1), 130-144.
Phramaha Anupong Varittimate (Sansuphan), Phra Soponpattanabandita Phramaha Mit Thitapanyo & Bangploeng, K. (2020). A Study of Guidelines for Buddhist Management of Phra That Phanom Cetiya Worship Event. Phimoldhamma Research Institute Journal, 7(2), 135-153.
Khamwan, M., & Charumani, K. (2017). Opportunities and Challenges of Tourism Development for Towns along the Mekong River in Nakhon Phanom. Journal of Politics and Governance, 7(3), 163-178.
Rebuya, N.R., Lasarte, E.S., Amador, M.M.A.,& De la Roca, G.R. (2020). Assessing Religious Tourism Motivational Factors and Experiences of Visitors to Selected Religious Sites in Camarines Sur, Philippines. Open Access Library Journal, 7, e6404, 1-10.
Lin, H.H., Ling, Y., Lin, J.H., & Liang, Z.F. (2021). Research on the Development of Religious Tourism and the Sustainable Development of Rural Environment and Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (2731), 1-20.
Cohen, J. M., & Uphoff, N. T. (1980). Rural Development Participation: Concept and Measures for Project Design Implementation and Evaluation. Cornell University Press.
Oakley, P., & Marsden, D. (1984). Approaches to participation in rural development. International Labour Office.
Tosun, C. (2000). Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries. Tourism Management, 21, 613-633.
Aref, F., & Ma'rof, R. (2009). Community Leaders’ Perceptions toward Tourism Impacts and Level of Building Community Capacity in Tourism Development. Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(3), 208-213.
Aukkeedeat, K. (2016). The Relationship among Organization Commitment Organization Climate and Total Quality Management in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Nakhon Pathom Province. M.S. Thesis in Nursing Management. Christian University.
Nour, A. M. (2014). Challenges and advantages of community participation as an approach for sustainable urban development in Egypt. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(1), 79-91.
Uphoff, N. (1992). Local Institutions and Participation for Sustainable Development. IIED Gatekeeper Series.
Sangkaew, T. (2012). Models of ‘Representation’ in Modern Politics: Preliminary Introduction to Theoretical Roles and Its Implications. 1st Conference on Graduate Student Network of Thailand (GS-NETT 2012).
Birch, A.H. (1971). Representation. Macmillan.
Gaille, L. (2017). 13 Advantages and Disadvantages of Representative Democracy. https://vittana.org/13-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-representative-democracy.
Blair, Harry. (2000). Participation and Accountability at the Periphery: Democratic Local Governance in Six Countries. World Development, 28(1), 21-39.
Ying, T., & Zhou, Y. (2007). Community, governments, and external capitals in China’s rural cultural tourism: A comparative study of two adjacent villages. Tourism Management, 28, 96-107.
Saarinen, J. (2006). Traditions of Sustainability in Tourism Studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 33. 1121-1140.
WTO. (2004). Indicators of sustainable development for tourism destinations: A guidebook. (WTO, Madrid).
Kim, S., Park, E., & Phandanouvong, T. (2014). Barriers to Local Residents’ Participation in Community Based Tourism: Lessons from Houay Kaeng Village in Laos. SHS Web of Conferences. 01045, 1-8.
Lekaota, L. (2015). The importance of rural communities’ participation in the management of tourism management: A case study from Lesotho. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 7(5), 453-462.
Chantawanit, S. (2016). Qualitative Research Methods. Chulalongkorn University Press.
Tosun, C. (2006). Expected nature of community participation in tourism development. Tourism Management, 27. 493-504.
Andriotis, K. and Vaughan, D.R. (2003). Urban Residents’ Attitudes Towards Tourism Development: The Case of Crete. Journal of Travel Research, 42(2): 172-185.
Jaafar, M., Ismail, S., & Mostafa Rasoolimanesh, S. (2015). Perceived social effects of tourism development: A case study of kinabalu national park. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 10, 5-20.
Stone, L., & Stone, M. (2011). Community-based tourism enterprises: challenges and prospects for community participation; Khama Rhino Sanctuary Trust, Botswana. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19, 97-114.
Sharifi, A., & Murayama, A. (2013). Changes in the traditional urban form and the social sustainability of contemporary cities: A case study of Iranian cities. Habitat International, 38, 126-134.
Lankford, S.V., & Howard, D.R. (1994). Attitudes and Perceptions toward Tourism and Rural Regional Development. Journal of Travel Research, 42(2), 172-185.
Otatawong, A. (2014). Community Participation in Talay Bua Dang Conservation within Chiang Wae Municipal Area, Kumphawapi District, Udonthani Province. Academic Services Journal Prince of Songkla University, 25(1), 47-53.