การมีส่วนร่วมในโครงการพัฒนาด้านสังคมของ Orang Asli: กรณีศึกษาในชุมชนหมู่บ้านซูไง เบอรัว ฮูลู ตรังกานู

บทคัดย่อ

In Malaysia, the Social Development Program also known as ‘Program Pembangunan Sosial’ (PPS) has been conducted to improve the quality of life of the entire communities, including the Orang Asli community. However, their quality of life is still poor. Among other causes happen is the level of participation of the Orang Asli community in PPS is still low because they are unwilling to partake in the expected PPS. The objective of this study is to identify the challenges of participation of the Orang Asli community in PPS. This study was conducted in the Orang Asli village of Sungai Berua, Hulu Terengganu from January 2017 to June 2018 using a qualitative method through a case study approach. The case study fieldwork are documentary review, observation and face to face interviews. The interview session conducted based on list of interview questions about participation of Orang Asli in Social Development Program. Informants of this study consisted of 4 agencies namely the Department of Orang Asli Development (JAKOA), Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), Orang Asli primary school and community clinic and a total of 22 informants were selected from the Orang Asli community that directly were involved in PPS. Data were analyzed using NVIVO8 software. The study revealed two factors that influence the lack of participation of the Orang Asli community in the PPS, namely 1) cultural and environmental factors and                 2) governance factors. Cultural and environmental factors include laziness, shyness, boredom, over-sensitivity, lack of interest, low self-esteem, lack of focus, lack of awareness, unhygienic, peer influence, trust, parental / family role, nutritional quality, external acceptance, expectation for tokens or returns and language issues in communication. While the governance factors include time, a large of programs running at a certain period of time and the facilities provided do not meeting their needs. Therefore, by understanding all the challenges, the agencies involved can plan, implement and evaluate their programs in order to give positive impact to the Orang Asli community.