Extracting the lesson of the Sangha schism of Devadatta

Abstract

This article examines the schism caused by Devadatta Bhikkhu in the Buddhist tradition with the objectives of (1) analyzing the causes and factors that led to division within the monastic community, (2) exploring the consequences of unwholesome actions for both the perpetrator and the Sangha, and (3) deriving ethical lessons that can be applied to conflict prevention in contemporary society. The study finds that jealousy, self-conceit, and rigid attachment to personal views were key factors leading to the schism, which caused harm both to Devadatta Bhikkhu himself and to the monastic institution as a whole. Nevertheless, through profound compassion, the Buddha allowed Devadatta Bhikkhu to be ordained so that the negative karma he had accumulated could eventually be resolved. This event reflects the nature of fragmentation within human society and reveals underlying mechanisms of conflict that may arise in any era. The lessons drawn from Devadatta’s behavior highlight the importance of self-awareness, living according to the Middle Way with mindfulness and vigilance, and maintaining harmony as a fundamental principle of communal life. These insights provide valuable guidance for fostering stability and social cohesion at both community and societal levels.