An Analysis of Anupubbikatha for the Attainment of Dhamma

Abstract

This research has two objectives: 1) To study Anupubbikatha (Gradual Instruction) in the scriptures of Theravāda Buddhism, and 2) To analyze Anupubbikatha as a means for the realization of Dhamma.This is a documentary research that involves studying data from Theravāda Buddhist scriptures, namely the Tipiṭaka, its commentaries (Aṭṭhakathā), and other related texts such as the Visuddhimagga. The research was reviewed and revised under the guidance of academic advisors and experts, and the findings are presented in a descriptive and narrative format. From the study, it was found that Anupubbikatha in Theravāda Buddhist scriptures refers to the gradual method of preaching that the Buddha employed to prepare the minds of his listeners for understanding the Four Noble Truths. Its essential components are as follows: Dāna (Generosity): Emphasizes the value of giving—of wealth, wisdom, and compassion—as a foundation for both present and future well-being. Sīla (Morality): Focuses on the purification of bodily, verbal, and mental actions by abstaining from harmful behavior towards oneself and others. Sagga (Heaven): Describes the blissful realms attained through pure merit, inspiring firm commitment to generosity and morality. Nīvaraṇa (Hindrances): Points to the importance of removing craving and attachment from the mind as a preparation for the path, leading to liberation from suffering. Ariyasacca (Four Noble Truths): Once craving is abandoned and the mind is supported by morality and concentration, the practitioner is ready to realize the ultimate truths: suffering, its cause, its cessation, and the path leading to its cessation. Anupubbikatha thus bridges the foundational practices of generosity and morality with the core of Buddhist realization.Regarding Anupubbikatha as a means to realization: It is a sequential method of Dhamma exposition that gradually leads the listener’s mind toward deeper truths and prepares it to receive profound teachings. Typically, it consists of five topics: 1) Dānakathā – Discourse on generosity
2) Sīlakathā – Discourse on morality 3) Saggakathā – Discourse on heavenly realms 4)Kāmādinavakathā–Discourse on the dangers of sensual pleasures 5) Nekkhamānisaṃsakathā – Discourse on the benefits of renunciation Anupubbikatha is thus a process that refines the mind from coarse to subtle states, opening it up to receive the profound teaching of the Four Noble Truths (Dukkha, Samudaya, Nirodha, Magga), which lies at the heart of realization in Buddhism.