Multicultural Ethnic Societies in the Special Economic Zone, Maesai District, Chiang Rai Province

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to study cultural identity, analyze problems and impacts of special economic zone development policies, collect social and cultural activities, and develop social networks of ethnic groups in the multicultural society in the Mae Sai special economic zone in Chiang Rai province. This qualitative research used in-depth interviews and group discussions with 180 participants who are the representatives from 10 ethnic groups, local leaders, representatives from government agencies and the private sector in Mae Sai District Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, including the leaders of ethnic networks in Tachilek Province, Shan State, the Union of Myanmar and Lao PDR.

The results showed that: the determination of special economic zones in Mae Sai District, Chiang Rai province allows the Thai Yai, Thai Khuen, Thai Lue, Thai Youn, Tai Yah, Dara-ang, Lua, Akha, Lahu, and Yunnan Chinese ethnic groups to create a cultural space in a new meaning that benefits the local economy, tourism, commerce, and services using community mechanisms, support from local government agencies, and ethnic social networks both within and outside the country. Such adaptation is caused by the preservation of ethnic identity and efforts to restore their persistence, especially in dress, language, food, and religious activities.