A Synthesis of Political Concepts and Political Principles in Antonio Gramsci’s Conception of Factory Councils

Abstract

This article primarily aims to examine Antonio Gramsci's political concepts and principles concerning the "factory councils," with a focus on his writings prior to his imprisonment. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing detailed textual analysis of 12 articles within the section “L’Ordine Nuovo and the Factory Councils” which are part of his collected political writings from 1910–1920.

 The findings reveal that the concept of factory councils plays a significant role as a mechanism for structural transformation in economic, political, and social systems. Notably, the concept emphasizes the role of the proletariat as key participants in managing resources, production, and determining the direction of society. Moreover, it reflects the creation of proletarian democracy, which fosters self-governance, political consciousness, and a systematic reduction of social inequalities.