Guideline for the diagnosis of compensable work-related post-traumatic stress disorder
Keywords:
Stress disorder/ Post-traumatic stress disorder/ Work-related/ Workmen compensationAbstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder affects people around the world. Particularly, employees in various occupational categories who are exposed to traumatic, or dangerous events, are at higher risk of post-traumatic stress disorder than general population. The objective of article is for the readers to understand diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder, and able to identify work-relatedness and compensability. Thailand has increasingly moved towards the industrial age. Notification of the Ministry of Labor, adding mental and behavioural disease including post-traumatic stress disorder, to the list of work-related disease in 2023. It is crucial to correctly diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder to ensure that employees are fairly compensated. Diagnosis requires cooperation from stakeholders, including employers, employees and physicians. The physician's job is to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder, identify work-relatedness and compensability. Employers are required to be aware of employees’ symptoms while they are at work. Employees should be referred to a physician for additional assessment if suspected symptoms are discovered. However, post-traumatic stress disorder can affect all populations. Diagnosing work-related post-traumatic stress disorder is important. Physicians should know how to diagnose and make appropriate recommendations for employees.
References
Baloch, Q., Baloch, Q., Maher, S., Iqbal, N., Shah, S., & Hussain, M. (2021). Impact of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder on Employee Job Performance: Moderating Role of Spirituality. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1180786/v1
Berger, W., Coutinho, E. S., Figueira, I., Marques-Portella, C., Luz, M. P., Neylan, T. C., Marmar, C. R., & Mendlowicz, M. V. (2012). Rescuers at risk: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of the worldwide current prevalence and correlates of PTSD in rescue workers. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 47(6), 1001-1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0408-2
Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation. J Trauma Stress, 28(6), 489-498. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22059
Chinvararak, C., Kerdcharoen, N., Pruttithavorn, W., Polruamngern, N., Asawaroekwisoot, T., Munsukpol, W., & Kirdchok, P. (2022). Mental health among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. PLoS One, 17(5), e0268704.
Fischer, S., Schumacher, T., Knaevelsrud, C., Ehlert, U., & Schumacher, S. (2021). Genes and hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in post-traumatic stress disorder. What is their role in symptom expression and treatment response? J Neural Transm (Vienna), 128(9), 1279-1286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-021-02330-2
Hyland, P., Vallières, F., Cloitre, M., Ben-Ezra, M., Karatzias, T., Olff, M., Murphy, J., & Shevlin, M. (2021). Trauma, PTSD, and complex PTSD in the Republic of Ireland: prevalence, service use, comorbidity, and risk factors. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 56(4), 649-658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01912-x
Kirkpatrick, H. A., & Heller, G. M. (2014). Post-traumatic stress disorder: theory and treatment update. Int J Psychiatry Med, 47(4), 337-346. https://doi.org/10.2190/PM.47.4.h
Lee, W., Lee, Y. R., Yoon, J. H., Lee, H. J., & Kang, M. Y. (2020). Occupational post-traumatic stress disorder: an updated systematic review. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 768. https://doi.org/1
1186/s12889-020-08903-2
Li, Y., Scherer, N., Felix, L., & Kuper, H. (2021). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 16(3), e0246454. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246454
North, C. S. (2018). PTSD: A systematic approach to diagnosis and treatment. https://cdn.mdedge.
com/files/s3fs-public/Document/March-2018/CP01704035.PDF.
Oakley, L. D., Kuo, W. C., Kowalkowski, J. A., & Park, W. (2021). Meta-Analysis of Cultural Influences in Trauma Exposure and PTSD Prevalence Rates. J Transcult Nurs, 32(4), 412-424. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659621993909
Olivine, A. (2022). What Is Trauma?. https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-trauma-5212104.
Rothbaum, B. O., Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Murdock, T., & Walsh, W. (1992). A prospective examination of post‐traumatic stress disorder in rape victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5(3), 455-475.
Sareen, J., Stein, M., & Friedman, M. (2018). Posttraumatic stress disorder in adults: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, and diagnosis. Up to date [online].
Stewart, S. H., Pihl, R. O., Conrod, P. J., & Dongier, M. (1998). Functional associations among trauma, PTSD, and substance-related disorders. Addictive behaviors, 23(6), 797-812.
Watson, P. (2019). PTSD as a Public Mental Health Priority. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 21(7), 61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1032-1.
Yehuda, R. (2002). Post-traumatic stress disorder. New England journal of medicine, 346(2), 108-114.
Khamthong, C. (2021). Work-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Research and Innovation in Science and Technology, 2(1), 1-12.
Tantirangsi, N. (2023). Guidelines for caring for victims of traumatic events. http://www.thaiexplore.net/file_upload/submitter/file_doc/f80a6094d741022e964f7f445b22ea48.pdf.
Ministry of Labor. Notification of the Ministry of Labor on Specifying Types of Diseases Occurring by Nature or Conditions of Work or as a result of Work B.E. 2566 (2023). (B.E. 2566 (2023), 7th Febuary). Government Gazette Vol. 140, Special part 29d, Page 2-8.
Workmen's Compensation Act B.E. 2537 (1994). (B.E. 2537 (1994), 30th June). Government Gazette Vol. 111 Part 28a. Page 1-162.
Fahamnuayphon, P.. (2554). Shining "Disaster" B.E. 2554 (2011) with the impact on the health of Thai people. https://www.thaihealth.or.th/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/335.pdf.
Lortrakul, M.. (2015). Ramathibodi Psychiatry. (4th edition). Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital.
Social Security Office. (2019). Handbook for the insured to create a sustainable workforce society for all.https://www.sso.go.th/wpr/assets/upload/files_storage/sso_th/168d83800f111b11586c74980585901b.pdf.
Pholthanya, A. & Thongphaibul, K.. (2021). Psychological trauma: screening and assessment of affected persons for clinical psychologists. Thai Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52(1), 41-61. https://so03.tci- thaijo.org/ index.php/tci-thaijclinicpsy/article/view/252921
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
- เนื้อหาและข้อมูลในบทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารกฎหมายและนโยบายสาธารณสุข ถือเป็นข้อคิดเห็นและความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียนบทความโดยตรงซึ่งกองบรรณาธิการวารสาร ไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นด้วย หรือร่วมรับผิดชอบใด ๆ
- บทความ ข้อมูล เนื้อหา รูปภาพ ฯลฯ ที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ในวารสารกฎหมายและนโยบายสาธารณสุข ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารฯ หากบุคคลหรือหน่วยงานใดต้องการนำทั้งหมดหรือส่วนหนึ่งส่วนใดไปเผยแพร่ต่อหรือเพื่อกระทำการใด ๆ จะต้องอ้างอิงเสมอ