Strategic Cost Management on the Performance of Swine Farmers in Trang Province
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Swine farming is an economically significant agricultural activity; however, farmers frequently face challenges related to rising production costs and insufficient cost management practices, which adversely affect their operational performance. This research aimed to: (1) examine the level of strategic cost management among swine farmers in Trang Province; (2) assess their operational performance; (3) investigate the relationship between strategic cost management and operational performance; and (4) determine the effects of strategic cost management factors on the operational performance of swine farmers in Trang Province.
Methods: This study employed a quantitative research design. The population consisted of swine farmers registered in Trang Province. Data were collected from a sample of 396 farmers using a structured questionnaire as the research instrument. The questionnaire was validated for content validity and reliability prior to data collection. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics comprising multiple correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.
Results: The findings revealed that: (1) the overall level of strategic cost management was high, with feed cost management receiving the highest mean score (x̄= 4.16); (2) the overall operational performance was at the highest level, with profitability being the highest-rated dimension (x̄ = 4.22); (3) strategic cost management was positively correlated with operational performance at a statistically significant level of 0.05; and (4) strategic cost management factors—namely land cost, equipment cost, feed cost, vaccine cost, utility cost, and breeding stock cost—had a statistically significant positive effect at the 0.05 level on operational performance. The regression model could predict 60.60% of the variance in performance (Adj-R² = 0.606).
Application of this study: The findings provide practical guidelines for swine farmers, agricultural cooperatives, and relevant government agencies in designing cost management strategies tailored to the agricultural sector. Policymakers may apply these results to develop support programs that enhance farmers' cost planning efficiency and strengthen their long-term competitiveness.
Conclusions: Strategic cost management plays a critical role in enhancing the operational performance of swine farmers in Trang Province. Effective management of key cost components—particularly feed, vaccine, and breeding stock costs—significantly contributes to increased income, improved profitability, and long-term economic sustainability in the agricultural sector.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
FAO. (2023). OECD-FAO agricultural outlook 2023–2032. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/2023/07/oecd-fao-agricultural-outlook-2023-2032_859ba0c2.html
USDA. (2022). Livestock and poultry: World markets and trade. United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Shagam-Shayle-Livestock-Poultry-AOF2022.pdf
European Commission. (2023). EU agricultural markets briefs: Pigmeat sector. Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development. https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2024-01/agricultural-outlook-2023-report_en_0.pdf
Niemi, J., Bennett, R., & Clark, B. (2021). Economics of animal disease outbreaks: Impacts on markets and food security. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 188, Article 105259.
Swine Raisers Association of Thailand. (2022). Situation of pig farming and marketing in Thailand. https://www.swinethailand.com/17331130
Khongkhetwanit, R., & Sincharoensak, T. (2020). Performance analysis of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. Mahachula Nakhon Natsorn Journal, 7(10), 376–388. (In Thai)
Department of Livestock Development, Information and Communication Technology Center. (2021). Livestock and pig farmers by province, fiscal year 2020. https://ict.dld.go.th/webnew/images/stories/report/regislives/2020/country/5-pig.pdf
Trang Provincial Livestock Office. (2024). Swine farming situation report in Trang Province, 2024. Trang Provincial Livestock Office.
Tourism Authority of Thailand. (2021). To serve both local markets and tourism. https://www.tourismthailand.org/Destinations/South/3
Phonphitak, P., & Saraphat, S. (2023). The impact of strategic cost management and participation on performance of companies in Amata Nakorn Industrial Estate, Chonburi Province. Panyapat Social Science Journal, 5(2), 177–190. (In Thai)
Ketphan, P., Dokmaithet, R., Mekhora, T., & Sitawan, T. (2021). Cost and return analysis of black ear mushroom production of the large plot farmers group in Bang Phae District, Ratchaburi Province. Journal of Management Science Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, 8(2), 111–121. (In Thai)
Fakhreddin, F., Foroudi, P., & Gupta, S. (2025). Key account management orientation and firm performance: A dynamic capability approach. Industrial Marketing Management, 124, 266–286.
Nanthanoi, N., & Uechanachit, D. (2023). The impact of liquidity and financial performance on the market value of listed companies in the resource industry group in the Stock Exchange of Thailand. Journal of Juristic Person and Local Innovation Management, 9(8), 346–357. (In Thai)
Inthasang, C., & Nilsamak, P. (2023). The influence of social media on the performance of hotel businesses in Thailand. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, 14(2), 239–260. (In Thai)
Department of Livestock Development. (2024). Pig price and production cost report. https://ict.dld.go.th/webnew/index.php/th/service-ict/report/428-report-thailand-livestock/reportservey2567 (In Thai)
LH Bank. (2024). Economic analysis of pig farming in Thailand. https://www.lhbank.co.th/getattachment/82561a6a-64db-457d-ac77-be9a90fde8a9/economic-analysis-Industry-Outlook-2024-Pork-and-Chicken (In Thai)
Mahawan, A., Chaowanapunphon, Y., Wongchai, A., Saowapak, T., & Saeliw, K. (2021). Risk analysis of fattening pig farming business in Chiang Mai Province. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 49(1), 657–664. (In Thai)
Malida, C. (2023). Participatory pig farm management of farmers and swine businesses in Chiang Mai–Lamphun areas. Journal of MCU Social Development, 8(1), 176–196. (In Thai)
Dayoub, M., Shnaigat, S., Tarawneh, R. A., Al-Yacoub, A. N., Al-Barakeh, F., & Al-Najjar, K. (2023). Applications of smart agriculture to improve animal production: Opportunities, challenges, solutions, and benefits. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0029.v1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2019). The future of livestock in sustainable food systems. https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/050a596e-c861-4405-ba8f-bc5246b6a2ac
Smith, A., Johnson, L., & Lee, P. (2020). Cost management strategies and internal control effectiveness in the agricultural sector. Journal of Management Studies, 58(1), 105–119.
Delsart, M., Pol, F., Dufour, B., Rose, N., & Grosbois, V. (2020). Pig farming in alternative systems: Strengths and challenges in terms of animal welfare, biosecurity, animal health and pork safety. Agriculture, 10(4), Article 418.
Department of Livestock Development. (2022). The situation of pig farming in Thailand. https://legal.dld.go.th/ (In Thai)
Ditkaew, K., & Phonphanumas, A. (2025). Strategic cost management and sustainable competitive advantage of Thai entrepreneurs. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research Promotion Network, 8(1), 1–16. (In Thai)
Phoninrom, C., & Phenwuttikul, P. (2020). The impact of strategic cost management tools on competitive advantage and operational performance of businesses in industrial estates in Thailand. Academic Journal of Eastern University of Management and Technology, 17(1), 317–335. (In Thai)
Puttikunsakon, A., & Puttikunsakon, P. (2020). Best internal audit practices and achieving organizational success: An empirical examination of ISO 9000 manufacturing firms in Thailand. In Proceedings of the 6th International Trade and Academic Research Conference (ITARC) (pp. 105–125).
Ng'ang'a, S., Smith, G., Mwungu, C., Alemayehu, S., Girvetz, E. H., & Hyman, E. (2020). Cost-benefit analysis of improved livestock management practices in the Oromia lowlands of Ethiopia. Crown Agents USA and Abt Associates, with the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).
Chinabunruang, S. (2022). Driving business with the BCG economy development approach: A case study of Doi Tung Thanyaphit Limited Partnership. Academic Journal of Phranakhon Rajabhat University, 13(2), 48–65. (In Thai)
Chaisena, Y., Phutthassa, A., & Wirojrat, C. (2022). Development of management strategies to create competitive advantage of the Kudwa weaving community enterprise group, Kalasin Province. Journal of Arts and Management Sciences, 9(1), 50–65. (In Thai)
Ditkaew, K. (2023). Strategic cost management. Thammasat University Press. (In Thai)
Department of Livestock Development. (2023). Guidelines for standard pig farming and cost reduction. https://dld.go.th/th/index.php/th/service-people-2/e-service-menu (In Thai)
Tisdell, C. A., & Adamson, D. (2017). The importance of fixed costs in animal health systems. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE, 36(1), 49–56.
Clapp, B., Ponce, J., Corbett, J., Ghanem, O. M., Kurian, M., Rogers, A. M., Peterson, R. M., LaMasters, T., & English, W. J. (2024). American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery 2022 estimate of metabolic and bariatric procedures performed in the United States. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 20(4), 425–431.
Penlawat, K. (2024). Production cost of jasmine rice using agrochemicals in Rasi Salai District, Sisaket Province. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 22(1), 202–220. (In Thai)
Chankong, J., & Chuaychoonoo, N. (2020). Costs–returns and impacts in economic, social, and environmental aspects of producing Sriwichai crossbred chicken. Journal of Agricultural Research and Extension, 38(3), 86–99.
Pangsuk, T., Bunla, S., Voraserim, W., & Chantabut, H. (2020). Rearing of red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) at different stocking densities. Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University Journal of Science and Technology Research, 5(1), 11–17.
Suk-ueang, K., & Chaiping, T. (2021). Costs and returns of maize farmers in Song Khwae District, Nan Province. Kasalongkham Research Journal, 15(2), 27–38.
Zhang, S., Li, X., Li, Y., Wei, M., & Chen, Y. (2025). A novel integrated marginal cost model of multi-type energy storage in diversified-scenario power ancillary service market under the new-type power system. Journal of Energy Storage, 106, 1–16.
Garbossa, P. L. M., Poleti, M. D., Garbossa, C. A. P., Alves, L. K. S., Chaves, R. F., Cantarelli, V. de S., & Ferraz, J. B. S. (2025). A case study on the cost-benefit perspective on the influence of high-protein distiller's dried grains with solubles (HP-DDGS) pricing and inclusion levels on economic sustainability in pig production. Livestock Science, 292, 1–16.
Chebel, R. C., Gonzalez, T., Montevecchio, A. B., Galvão, K. N., de Vries, A., & Bisinotto, R. S. (2025). Targeted reproductive management for lactating Holstein cows: Economic return. Journal of Dairy Science, 108(2), 1584–1601.
Atsawaphan, N., & Sangwipak, A. (2023). Key risk factors for successful pig farming businesses in Chonburi Province. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Sripatum Chonburi, 9(3), 118–140. (In Thai)
Heprakone, A., Na Chiangmai, N., & Meepetthan, S. (2023). Costs and returns from mulberry paper production: Ban Tha Lo group, Bo Haeo Sub-district, Mueang District, Lampang Province. Journal of Management Science Research, Surindra Rajabhat University, 7(2), 85–94.
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1996). The balanced scorecard: Translating strategy into action. Harvard Business School Press.
Muangchan, C., & Wangthichop, P. (2024). The influence of tax planning and profit management on the performance of listed companies in the SET100 Index. Academic and Research Journal, Northeastern University, 10(2), 186–196. (In Thai)
Johnson, P., & Brown, S. (2021). Sustainability in organizational performance. Routledge.
Khankaew, C., & Phosri, W. (2023). External-to-internal marketing capability and human capital influencing the performance of technology industries in Thailand. Journal of Management Science, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, 5(2), 36–58. (In Thai)
Alves, L. K. S., Gameiro, A. H., Schinckel, A. P., & Garbossa, C. A. P. (2022). Development of a swine production cost calculation model. Animals, 12(17), Article 2229. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12172229
Dorh, T., Mohammed, A., & Umar, A. (2019). Profitability and constraints of pig production in Southern Kebbi State, Nigeria. Agricultural Economics Review, 28(4), 569–585.
Khaothawee, J., & Koetprathum, P. (2023). Strategic development approaches for success in leading the market for medical nutrition protein products in Thailand. MCU Peace Studies Review, 11(6), 2248–2260. (In Thai)
Chiaranantaphisut, T., & Mokkhaves, B. (2021). The relationship between cash flow and profitability with the stock valuation of listed real estate and construction companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand. Mahachula Academic Journal, 8(11), 342–358. (In Thai)
Sirithontarakan, P., Chitnornrat, T., & Khamsuprom, S. (2023). A comparative study of corporate governance between family and non-family businesses listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in relation to company performance and firm value. Suthiparithat Journal, 37(3), 38–54. (In Thai)
Wongsiri, C., Pansuppawat, A., & Erawan, T. (2022). The impact of modern customer relationship management on the marketing performance of car dealership businesses in Northeastern Thailand. Journal of Management Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, 4(1), 89–98. (In Thai)
Vanichbuncha, K., & Vanichbuncha, T. (2024). Using SPSS for Windows: Data analysis (33rd ed.). Samlada Publishing. (In Thai)
Aaker, D. A., Kumar, V., & Day, G. S. (2001). Marketing research (7th ed.). John Wiley.
Wijitwanana, S. (2022). Statistical data analysis for social science research. Thammasat University Press. (In Thai)
Wo, S., Tuanfareeda, T., & Thitinant, P. (2024). Cost and return of white seabass cage farming: A case study of the Ao Manao white seabass farming community enterprise, Narathiwat Province. Inthanin Journal of Business Administration, 1(1), 81–96. (In Thai)
Detthamrong, U., Suthamdee, C., & Suthamdee, D. (2023). Cost and return analysis of the native chicken community enterprise: The Mai Na Dee model. Journal of Agricultural and Natural Resource Research, 12(3), 22–31. (In Thai)
Sriwichian, T., Sudsomboon, S., Ketwongsa, K., & In-unchote, I. (2024). Impact of modern cost management on the operational efficiency of small and medium-sized textile businesses in Thailand. Journal of Modern Management Science, 17(2), 1–20. (In Thai)
Sawatdigul, T., & Polnikornkit, N. (2019). The impact of strategic cost management techniques on business performance. Journal of Applied Agricultural Business, 13(19), 43–58. (In Thai)
Phetchwalee, A., Phudang, T., Mansumrit, C., & Kosayothin, W. (2023). Cost and return of rice farming in Lopburi Province. Lawasri Journal, Thepsatri Rajabhat University, 7(2), 76–86. (In Thai)
Polraksa, M., & Sunthorn, J. (2023). Modern cost management and returns of farmers growing fresh milk jujube under net houses in economic and social dimensions in Kalasin Province. Academic Journal of Eastern University of Management and Technology, 17(2), 56–68. (In Thai)
Chitboon, S., Damrongwatthana, J., Kaenamkaew, D., & Dochachai, U. (2020). Pig farming to create added agricultural value: A case study of Porntep Farm, Moo 5, Nong Bo Subdistrict, Yan Ta Khao District, Trang Province. Journal of Social Development Studies, 3(1), 43–56. (In Thai)
Niemi, J., Aro, H., & Seppänen, T. (2020). Value chain analysis of production disease control measures in pig farming. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 71(1), 1–18.
Panumram, A., Phetchamcharoensuk, S., Chantrach, B., & Lunlalat, A. (2024). Economic analysis of pig production in Mueang District, Buriram Province. Journal of Nakhon Lampang Buddhist College, 13(2), 191–205. (In Thai)
