THE LEGAL MEASURES FOR PROTECTING THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN CASE OF UNSOLICITED ADVERTISEMENT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA : A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE US, UK AND THAI LAWS
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พ.ค. 29, 2019
คำสำคัญ:
การโฆษณาที่มิได้เรียกร้อง สิทธิส่วนบุคคล สแปม สื่อสังคมออนไลน์
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บทคัดย่อ
ในปัจจุบันการใช้สื่อสังคมออนไลน์ (Social Media) ในลักษณะของการสื่อสารส่วนบุคคล ระหว่างบุคคลทั่วไปเกิดขึ้นอย่างแพร่หลาย นอกจากนี้ภาคธุรกิจก็มีการนำสื่อดังกล่าวมาใช้ในการประกอบธุรกิจ เช่น การโฆษณาขายสินค้าหรือบริการต่าง ๆ ในการโฆษณานั้นอาจประกอบด้วยรูปแบบหลากหลายเช่น ตัวอักษร ภาพถ่าย ภาพกราฟฟิก ซึ่งข้อมูลดังกล่าวสามารถส่งไปยังผู้บริโภคได้อย่างง่ายดายและรวดเร็วทางสื่อสังคมออนไลน์ที่สามารถเข้าถึงได้จากโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่ของผู้บริโภค อย่างไรก็ตาม ในอีกแง่หนึ่งการโฆษณาดังกล่าวส่งผลกระทบต่อสิทธิส่วนบุคคลของผู้รับการโฆษณาซึ่งอาจมิได้มีความประสงค์และความยินยอมที่จะรับโฆษณาดังกล่าว ดังนั้น บทความวิจัยนี้จึงมุ่งศึกษาการปรับใช้กฎหมายไทยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการรบกวนความเป็นส่วนตัวของผู้ใช้งานสื่อสังคมออนไลน์จากการโฆษณาที่เกิดขึ้นโดยผู้รับการติดต่อมิได้เรียกร้อง (Unsolicited Advertisement) สำหรับวิธีการศึกษาวิจัยนั้นใช้วิธีการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพโดยการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหาข้อมูลอันประกอบด้วยกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้องทั้งของสหรัฐอเมริกา สหราชอาณาจักร และไทย โดยมีการวิเคราะห์เปรียบเทียบกฎหมายของประเทศดังกล่าว ผลการศึกษาชี้ให้เห็นว่าในปัจจุบันไทยยังไม่มีกฎหมายเฉพาะในการคุ้มครองสิทธิของผู้ถูกรบกวนจากการติดต่อโฆษณาทางสื่อสังคมออนไลน์ อย่างไรก็ตาม มีกฎหมายหลายฉบับที่อาจนำมาปรับใช้ได้ แต่จากการศึกษาพบว่ากฎหมายดังกล่าวนั้นยังมีปัญหาและข้อจำกัดอีกหลายประการ ทำให้ไม่สามารถนำมาปรับใช้คุ้มครองสิทธิในความเป็นส่วนตัวจากการโฆษณาโดยมิได้เรียกร้องทางสื่อสังคมออนไลน์ดังกล่าวได้อย่างเหมาะสม ดังนั้น ผู้เขียนจึงได้นำเสนอข้อเสนอแนะ เช่น การปรับปรุงแก้ไขกฎหมายเดิมที่มีอยู่ และการตรากฎหมายใหม่เพื่อคุ้มครองสิทธิส่วนบุคคลของผู้ถูกรบกวนต่อไป
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References
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Khong, Dennis. (2004). An economic analysis of spam law. Erasmus Law & Economics Review, (1), 23-45.
Meyerowitz, Steven. (2008). Virginia supreme court rejects state’s anti-spam law on first amendment grounds. Privacy & Data Security Law Journal, 1024-1039.
Minogue Kenneth. (1978). The history of the Idea of human right. In Walter Laqueur and Barry Rubin (Eds.), The Human Rights Reader (p.3-16). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Moorefield, Gary. (1999). spam-It’s not Just for breakfast anymore: Federal legislation and the fight to free the internet from unsolicited commercial e-mail. Boston University Journal of Science and Technology Law, (10), 10.
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Poullet, Yves. (2006). EU data protection policy. The directive 95/46/EC: Ten years after. Computer Law & Security Review, 22(3), 206–217.
Pressler, Larry. (1991). Congressional record, Proceedings and debates of the 102nd Congress, First session, November, 1991. Retrieved September 9, 2015, from http://memory.loc.gov /ammem/ amlaw/lwcrlink.html
Ramsay, Iain. (1989). Consumer protection text and materials. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Rice, Cindy M. (2002). The TCPA: A justification for the prohibition of spam in 2002? unsolicited commercial e-mail: Why is it such a problem?. North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, (3), 375-382.
Samoriski, H. (1999). Unsolicited commercial e-mail, The internet and the first amendment: Another free speech showdown in cyberspace?. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 43(4), 670-689.
Simon, Marc. (2004). The can-spam act of 2003: Is congressional regulation of unsolicited commercial e-mail constitutional. Journal of High Technology Law, 4(85), 85-115.
Sorkin, David. (1997). Unsolicited commercial e-mail and the telephone consumer protection act of 1991. Buffalo Law Review, (45), 1001-1032.
Sorkin, David. (2003). Spam legislation in the United States, John Marshall. Journal of Computer & Information Law, 22(1), 3-12.
Wacks, Raymond. (1989). Personal information: Privacy and the law. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Wall, David S. (2005). Digital realism and the governance of spam as cybercrime. European Journalon Criminal Policy and Research, 10(4), 309-335.
Wallace, Ryan P., Lusthaus, Adam M., and Kim, Jong Hwan. (2005). Computer crimes. American Criminal Law Review, 42(2), 223-276.
Wong, Katherine L. (2007). The future of spam litigation after omega world travel v. mummagraphics. Harvard Journal of Law and Technology, 20(2), 459-476.
Birnhack, Michael. (2008). The EU data protection directive: An engine of a globalregime. Computer Law & Security Report, 24(6), 508-520.
Borghi, Maurizio., Ferretti, Federico., and Karapapa, Stavroula. (2013). Online data processing consent under EU law: A theoretical framework and empirical evidence from the UK. International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 21(2),
109-153.
Broecker, Edwin J. (1990). FAX unto others…: A constitutional analysis of unsolicited facsimile statutes. Indiana Law Review, 23(3), 703-730.
Carey, Peter. (2009). Data protection: A practical guide to UK and EU law. New York: Oxford University Press.
Decew, Judith Wagner. (1997). In pursuit of privacy: Law ethics and the rise of technology. US: Cornell University Press.
Donnelly, Jack. (1982). Human rights and human dignity. The American Law Review, 76(2), 303-316.
Edwards, Lillian. (2005). Canning the spam and cutting the cookies: Consumer privacy online and EU regulation. In Lillian Edwards (Ed.), The New Legal Framework for E-Commerce in Europe (pp.31-66). North America: Hart publishing.
Ford, Roger A. (2005). Preemption of state spam laws by the federal can-spam act. The University of Chicago Law Review, 355-384.
Gavison, Ruth. (1980). Privacy and the limits of law. The Yale Law Journal, 89(3), 421-471.
Hatcher, Jordan S., and Edwards, Lilian. (2009). Consumer privacy law 2: Data collection, Profiling and targeting. In Lillian Edwards and Charlotte Waelde (Eds.), Law and the Internet. North America: Hart publishing.
Hendricks, Evan., Hayden, T., and Novick, J. D. (1990). Your right to privacy: A basic guide to legal rights in an information society. US: Southern Illinois University Press.
Hinde, Stephen. (2000). Smurfing, Swamping, Spamming, Spoofing, Squatting, Slandering, Surfing, Scamming, and other mischiefs of the world wide web. Journal Computers and Security, 19(4), 312-320.
Hollings, Ernest. (1991). Congressional record, Proceedings and debates of the 102nd congress, First session, November, 1991. Retrieved September 9, 2015, from http:// memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwcrlink.html
Kanathip Thongraweewong. (2010). Legal measures for protecting the right to privacy : A study of invasion of privacy by direct sale business. Botbandit Law Journal, 66(4), 46-80.
Kanathip Thongraweewong. (2012). Legal measures for protecting the right to privacy: A study of invasion of privacy through the use of social network websites. APHEIT Journal, 18(1).
Kanathip Thongraweewong. (2014, July). The legal protection of right to privacy in case of “google street view”: A comparative study of Thai and US laws, Conference proceedings. International Conference 2014 (BUU2014). Burapha University, Thailand.
Kanathip Thongraweewong. (2014, May). State telecommunication surveillance : A comparative study of the US and Thai telecommunication privacy laws. Conference proceedings of the forth international conference on digital
information and communication technology and its applications (DICTAP 2014). University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, Thailand.
Kanathip Thongraweewong. (2016, June). Comment addressed. In Forum for opinion on draft computer crime act B.E. 2559. National human rights commission, The Government Complex Commemorating His Majesty.
Khong, Dennis. (2004). An economic analysis of spam law. Erasmus Law & Economics Review, (1), 23-45.
Meyerowitz, Steven. (2008). Virginia supreme court rejects state’s anti-spam law on first amendment grounds. Privacy & Data Security Law Journal, 1024-1039.
Minogue Kenneth. (1978). The history of the Idea of human right. In Walter Laqueur and Barry Rubin (Eds.), The Human Rights Reader (p.3-16). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Moorefield, Gary. (1999). spam-It’s not Just for breakfast anymore: Federal legislation and the fight to free the internet from unsolicited commercial e-mail. Boston University Journal of Science and Technology Law, (10), 10.
Mossoff, Adam. (2004). Spam-Oy, What a nuisance!. Berkley Technology Law Journal, 19(2), 1-42.
Orwin, Chifford., and Pangle, Thomas. (1984). The philosophical foundation of human rights. In M. F. Platter (Ed.), Human Rights in Our Time: Essays in Memory of Victor Baras. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Posner, Richard. (1998). Economic analysis of law (5th ed.). New York:Aspen Law & Business.
Poullet, Yves. (2006). EU data protection policy. The directive 95/46/EC: Ten years after. Computer Law & Security Review, 22(3), 206–217.
Pressler, Larry. (1991). Congressional record, Proceedings and debates of the 102nd Congress, First session, November, 1991. Retrieved September 9, 2015, from http://memory.loc.gov /ammem/ amlaw/lwcrlink.html
Ramsay, Iain. (1989). Consumer protection text and materials. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Rice, Cindy M. (2002). The TCPA: A justification for the prohibition of spam in 2002? unsolicited commercial e-mail: Why is it such a problem?. North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, (3), 375-382.
Samoriski, H. (1999). Unsolicited commercial e-mail, The internet and the first amendment: Another free speech showdown in cyberspace?. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 43(4), 670-689.
Simon, Marc. (2004). The can-spam act of 2003: Is congressional regulation of unsolicited commercial e-mail constitutional. Journal of High Technology Law, 4(85), 85-115.
Sorkin, David. (1997). Unsolicited commercial e-mail and the telephone consumer protection act of 1991. Buffalo Law Review, (45), 1001-1032.
Sorkin, David. (2003). Spam legislation in the United States, John Marshall. Journal of Computer & Information Law, 22(1), 3-12.
Wacks, Raymond. (1989). Personal information: Privacy and the law. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Wall, David S. (2005). Digital realism and the governance of spam as cybercrime. European Journalon Criminal Policy and Research, 10(4), 309-335.
Wallace, Ryan P., Lusthaus, Adam M., and Kim, Jong Hwan. (2005). Computer crimes. American Criminal Law Review, 42(2), 223-276.
Wong, Katherine L. (2007). The future of spam litigation after omega world travel v. mummagraphics. Harvard Journal of Law and Technology, 20(2), 459-476.