World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Keywords:
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, World Health Organization, Framework Convention AllianceAbstract
World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) has given a new dimension to international health cooperation, with the legal framework in creating healthy future for the world population. The years of preparation and negotiation of the WHO FCTC were seminal years for WHO and its government and private sector partners. The engagement and negotiations were transforming, nurturing a sense of ownership of tobacco control that in many cases translated into early actions at national and local levels. The commitment was most evident in the number of national legislative and policy initiatives consistent with the FCTC that were adopted even before it entered into force. Negotiating the WHO FCTC raised the political profile of tobacco as a global public health problem, improved awareness of the issues and effective interventions among policy-makers and resulted in an agreed global agenda for action. The negotiation for the FCTC gave rise to the Framework Convention Alliance, a global network of nongovernmental organizations working on various aspects of tobacco control. The Alliance was one of the principal non-State participants to the process, promoting the important role of civil society in policy-making. The history of WHO FCTC is public health history in the making. As the first global health treaty negotiated under the auspices of WHO, the FCTC has given a new legal dimension to international health cooperation.
References
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World Health Organization. (1979) Controlling the smoking epidemic, report of the WHO Expert committee on Smoking Control. Geneva, World Health Organization, (Technical Report Series No. 636).
World Health Organization. (2009) Guidelines for implementation of Article 5.3. Guidelines on the protection of public health policies with respect to tobacco control from commercial and other vested interests. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/fctc/guidelines/article_5_3/en/index.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (1997) Meeting report on legislative options for tobacco control. Consultative group for the preparation of an international framework convention on tobacco control, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1997. WHO/MS/PSA/97.8.
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World Health Organization. (2003) Official documents of the Sixth meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/gb/fctc/ Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (2003) Policy recommendations for smoking cessation and treatment of tobacco dependence. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/resources/publications/tobacco_dependence/en//index.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (2003) Policy recommendations on protection from exposure to second hand smoke. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/resources/publications/wntd/2007/pol_recommendations/en/index.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (2004) The establishment and use of dedicated taxes for health. Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Available at http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/EE98BD20_A55E_4148_98CO_FEB703F530DB/O/Dedicated_ taxes.pdf Accessed December 9, 2009.
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World Health Organization, (2006) Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, First session, Geneva 6-17 February 2006. Geneva, World Health Organization (COP/1/2006/CD). Available at http://www.who.int/gb/fctc/ Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization, (2008) Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Second session, Bangkok, 30 June – 6 July 2007. Geneva, World Health Organization, (COP/2/2007/CD). Available at http://www.who.int/gb/fctc/ Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization, (2008) Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Third session, Durban, 17 – 22 November 2008. Geneva, World Health Organization, in press (COP/3/2008/CD). Available at http://www.who.int/gb/fctc/ Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (2009) Global Tobacco Surveillance System. Geneva, Zeltner T. (2000). Tobacco industry strategies to undermine tobacco control activities at the World Health Organization. Report of the Committee of Experts on Tobacco Industry Documents, submitted to the WHO Director-General, Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/policy/who_inquiry/en/print.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
Brundtland GH. (1998) Seminar on tobacco industry disclosures; implications for public policy. Geneva, World Health Organization.
Collishaw N. Personal communication (2008). Taylor AL, Roemer R. an international strategy for tobacco control. Background document prepared for the World Health Organization, 1996: in History of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Da Costa e Silva VL, David AM, eds. (2004) ‘Building blocks for tobacco control. A handbook’. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/ resoureces/publications/tobacccontrol_handbook/en/ Accessed December 9, 2009.
David AM. (2005) World Health Organization – United Nations Foundation channel the outrage Part II. Final evaluation report. Report submitted to the Tobacco Free Initiative, Geneva, World Health Organization.
David AM, Milroy T. (2005). Review of the United Nations Foundation /United Nations Fund for International Partnerships Support to the Tobacco Free Initiative. Report submitted to the Tobacco Free Initiative, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Jha P, ed. (1999) Curbing the epidemic: the economies of tobacco control. Washington DC, World Bank.
Lariviere J. Personal communication (2008). Resolution WHA 48.11. An international strategy for tobacco control. In: Forty-eight World Health Assembly. Geneva, 1-12 May 1995. Vol. 1 Resolutions and decisions. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1995 (WHA48/1995/REC/1). Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/wha_eb/wha48_11/en/index.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
Mackay J. (2003) The making of a convention on tobacco control. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81:551.
Mamudu HM, Glantz SA. (2009) Civil society and the negotiation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Global Public Health, 4:150-168.
Mamudu HM, Hammond R, Glantz SA. Project Cerberus: tobacco industry strategy to create an alternative to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. American Journal of Public Health, 2008, 98:1630-1642.
Mihajlov VS. International health law: current status and future prospects. Round table: future of international law. International Digest of Health Legislation, 1989, 40:9-16.
Public hearings on the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Available online at http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/public_hearings/submissions/en/index.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
Resolution WHA 49.17. International framework convention on tobacco control. In: Forty-ninth World Health Assembly. Geneva, 20-25 May 1996. Volume 1. Resolutions and decisions. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1996. Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/wha_eb/wha49_17/en/index.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
Resolution WHA 53.16 Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. In: Fifty-third World Health Assembly, 15-20 May 2000. Volume 1. Resolutions and decisions, Geneva, WHO, 2000 (WHA53/2000/REC/1). Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/wha_eb/wha53_16/en/index.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
Resolution WHA 56.1 WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. In : Fifty-sixth World Health Assembly, 19-28 May 2003. Vol. 1 Resolutions and decisions. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003 (WHA56/2003/REC/1). Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework//final_text/en/ Accessed December 9, 2009.
Roemer R, Taylor AL, Lariviere J. (2005) Origins of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco control. American Journal of Public Health, 95:936-938.
Thailand tobacco control country profile. (2008) Mahidol University, Tobacco Control Research and Knowledge Management Center, Bangkok.
United Nations Taskforce. (1999). Geneva, World Health Organization http://www.who.int/tobacco/global_interaction/un_taskforce/en/index.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
WHO framework convention on tobacco control. Report of the first meeting of the Working Group, 25-29 October 1999. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999 (A/FCTC/WG1/7). Available at http://www.who.int/gb/fctc/PDF/wg1/elt7.pdf Accessed December 9, 2009.
WHO framework convention on tobacco control. (2000) Report of the second meeting of the Working Group, 27-29 March 2000. Geneva, World Health Organization, (A/FCTC/WG2/5). Available at http://www.who.int/gb/fctc/PDF/wg2/et25.pdf Accessed December 9, 2009.
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003.
Wilkenfeld J. (2005) Saving the world from big tobacco: a case study of NGO coalition building. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii.
http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/en/ Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (1979) Controlling the smoking epidemic, report of the WHO Expert committee on Smoking Control. Geneva, World Health Organization, (Technical Report Series No. 636).
World Health Organization. (2009) Guidelines for implementation of Article 5.3. Guidelines on the protection of public health policies with respect to tobacco control from commercial and other vested interests. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/fctc/guidelines/article_5_3/en/index.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (1997) Meeting report on legislative options for tobacco control. Consultative group for the preparation of an international framework convention on tobacco control, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1997. WHO/MS/PSA/97.8.
World Health Organization, (1999) Resolution WHA 52.18. Towards a WHO framework convention on tobacco control. In: fifty-second World Health Assembly, 22-27 May 1999. Volume 1. Resolutions and decisions. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999 (WHA 52/1999/REC/1). Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/wha_eb/wha52_18/en/index.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (2003) Official documents of the Sixth meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/gb/fctc/ Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (2003) Policy recommendations for smoking cessation and treatment of tobacco dependence. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/resources/publications/tobacco_dependence/en//index.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (2003) Policy recommendations on protection from exposure to second hand smoke. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/resources/publications/wntd/2007/pol_recommendations/en/index.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (2004) The establishment and use of dedicated taxes for health. Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Available at http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/EE98BD20_A55E_4148_98CO_FEB703F530DB/O/Dedicated_ taxes.pdf Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (2006) Constitution of the World Health Organization. In: Basic documents, 45th ed. (Supplement). Geneva, World Health Organization, Available online at http://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization, (2006) Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, First session, Geneva 6-17 February 2006. Geneva, World Health Organization (COP/1/2006/CD). Available at http://www.who.int/gb/fctc/ Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization, (2008) Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Second session, Bangkok, 30 June – 6 July 2007. Geneva, World Health Organization, (COP/2/2007/CD). Available at http://www.who.int/gb/fctc/ Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization, (2008) Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Third session, Durban, 17 – 22 November 2008. Geneva, World Health Organization, in press (COP/3/2008/CD). Available at http://www.who.int/gb/fctc/ Accessed December 9, 2009.
World Health Organization. (2009) Global Tobacco Surveillance System. Geneva, Zeltner T. (2000). Tobacco industry strategies to undermine tobacco control activities at the World Health Organization. Report of the Committee of Experts on Tobacco Industry Documents, submitted to the WHO Director-General, Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/policy/who_inquiry/en/print.html Accessed December 9, 2009.
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2015-05-21
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ศิริโชติรัตน์ น. (2015). World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Public Health Policy and Laws Journal, 1(2), 118–135. Retrieved from https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journal_law/article/view/161785
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