The Development of Welfare System in Thailand from 1932 to 2000: Observations from Comparing Theories with the Experience of Thailand
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Abstract
This paper compares theories explaining the development of welfare system with the actual experience of Thailand from 1932 to 2000. The comparison aims to unravel crucial factors contributing to the development of welfare system in Thailand, and the implication of these factors in shaping the characteristics of welfare policies. Factors identi ed by theories from Western context as signi cant to the development of welfare system – including the transition to industrial society, class struggles, and consciousness of social rights – are insuf cient in explaining the experience of Thailand.
The development of welfare system in Thailand can be better explained using theories from the context of developing countries, particularly theories that identify democratization as a crucial factor in driving the development of welfare system. From the1950s to the1990s, the absence of democratic institutions, and the prioritization of economic growth by the developmental authoritarian regime, limited the expansion and inclusiveness of Thailand’s welfare policies. It was not until Thailand entered democratization, from the1990s to the 2000s, that the functioning of democracy enabled its welfare policies to expand and became more inclusive.
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References
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