การสำรวจ Soft Skills ที่จำเป็นของสถานประกอบการในศตวรรษที่ 21
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เม.ย. 9, 2021
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Soft Skills สถานประกอบการ ศตวรรษที่ 21
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บทคัดย่อ
การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ (1) สังเคราะห์ Soft Skills ที่จำเป็นของสถานประกอบการในศตวรรษที่ 21 และ (2) สำรวจความต้องการ Soft Skills ที่จำเป็นของบัณฑิตยุคใหม่ในมุมมองของสถานประกอบการ กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือ ผู้จ้างงานในสถานประกอบการ อำเภอเมือง จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ประกอบด้วย 4 ประเภท ได้แก่ ธุรกิจส่วนบุคคล ห้างหุ้นส่วนสามัญ บริษัทจำกัด และรัฐวิสาหกิจ จำนวน 120 คน โดยวิธีการเลือกกลุ่มตัวอย่างแบบเจาะจง เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ แบบสอบถามมาตราส่วนประมาณค่า 5 ระดับ และแบบสอบถามมาตราเรียงอันดับ จำนวน 40 ข้อ มีความเชื่อมั่นของแบบวัด 0.87 สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ได้แก่ สถิติพื้นฐาน คือ แจกแจงความถี่ ค่าร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย () ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน (S.D.) และการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหา
ผลการวิจัยพบว่า (1) การสังเคราะห์ Soft Skills ที่จำเป็นของสถานประกอบการในศตวรรษที่ 21 มีจำนวน 8 คุณลักษณะ ได้แก่ 1) ทักษะการติดต่อสื่อสาร 2) ภาวะผู้นำ 3) การทำงานเป็นทีม 4) การแก้ปัญหา 5) จริยธรรมในการทำงาน 6) การบริหารจัดการเวลา 7) ทักษะด้านมนุษยสัมพันธ์ และ 8) การคิดสร้างสรรค์ (2) การสำรวจความต้องการ Soft Skills ที่จำเป็นของบัณฑิตยุคใหม่ในมุมมองของสถานประกอบการ อยู่ในระดับมากและมากที่สุด โดย Soft Skills 5 อันดับแรก ได้แก่ 1) จริยธรรมในการทำงาน (=4.45, S.D.=0.61) 2) ทักษะด้านมนุษยสัมพันธ์ (=4.41, S.D.=0.65) 3) การบริหารจัดการเวลา (=4.37, S.D.=0.67) 4) การแก้ปัญหา (=4.25, S.D.=0.67) และ 5) ภาวะผู้นำ (=4.24, S.D.=0.68) ตามลำดับ
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References
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28. Nealy, C. (2005). Integrating soft skills through active learning in the management classroom. Journal of College Teaching & Learning. 2(4): 1-6.
29. Parsons, T. L. Definition: Soft skills. [Online]. available : http://searchcio.techtarget.com/ definition/soft-skills. 2008.
30. Patacsil, F. F. & Tablatin, C. L. S. (2017). Exploring the importance of soft and hard skills as perceived by IT internship students and industry: a gap analysis. Journal of Technology and Science Education. 7(3): 347-368.
31. Perreault, H. (2004). Business educators can take a leadership role in character education. Business Education Forum. 59: 23-24.
32. Robles, M. (2012). Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in today’s workplace. Business Communications Quarterly. 75(4): 453-465.
33. Seetha, N. (2014). Are soft skills important in the workplace? – A preliminary investigation in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science. 4(4): 44-56.
34. Sejzi, A. A., Aris, B. & Yuh, C. P. (2013). Important Soft Skills for University Students in 21st Century. 4th International Graduate Conference on Engineering, Science, and Humanities (IGCESH 2013), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia, 16-17 April 2013, PP 1088-1093.
35. Singh, G., & Singh, S. (2008). Malaysian graduates’ employability skills. UNITAR e-Journal. 4(1): 15-45.
36. Skill Builder Pro. Soft Skills: The Hard Skills for Today’s Workforce. [Online]. available : https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/792186/Soft_Skills__The_Hard_Skills_for_Today_s_Wor kforce_Final.pdf?p=original. 2018.
37. Smith, L. (2007). Teaching the intangibles. T+D. 61(10): 23-25.
38. Snyder, K. The 7 Soft Skills You Need to Be Successful. [Online]. available : https://www.omniagroup.com/the-7-soft-skills-you-need-to-be-successful/. 2020.
39. Spowart, J. (2011). Hospitality students' competencies: Are they work ready?. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism. 10(2): 169-181.
40. Vasanthakumari, S. (2019). Soft Skills and its application in work place. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews. 3(2): 66–72.
41. Wiki job. Soft Skills. [Online]. available : https://www.wikijob.co.uk/content/interview-advice/competencies/soft-skills. 2020.
42. WVDE. Survey of Employer Skill Needs. [Online]. available : https://wvde.us/simulated-workplace/. 2019.
43. Zagada, M. Top 7 Soft Skills Employees Need In 2020 and Beyond. [Online]. available :https://www.gofluent.com/blog/top-7-soft-skills-2020/. 2019.
2. วราวุธ ศิลปอาชา. รมว.ทส.ชี้ คนรุ่นใหม่ขาดวินัย เดินหน้าสร้าง ทสม.จิตอาสา. [Online]. เข้าถึงได้จาก : https://www.newtv.co.th/news/40427. 2562.
3. Abullah, A. R., Muhammad, M. Z. & Md Naris, N. A. (2019). The Role of Soft Skills within Business Students towards Graduate Employability. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business. 7(2): 1- 14.
4. Alsafadi, L., & Abunafesa, R. (2012). ICT Skills Gap Analysis of the Saudi Market. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science Vol I, WCECS 2012, San Francisco, USA.
5. Anju A. (2009). A Holistic Approach to Soft Skills Training. IUP Journal of Soft Skills. 3(1): 7-11.
6. Balcar, J. (2014). Soft skills and their wage returns: Overview of empirical literature. Review of Economic Perspectives. 14(1): 3-15.
7. Bee, O. K. & Hie, T. S. (2015). Employers’ Emphasis on Technical Skills and Soft Skills in Job Advertisements. The English Teacher. XLIV(1): 1-12.
8. Bersin, J. LinkedIn 2019 Talent Trends: Soft Skills, Transparency and Trust. [Online]. available : https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/linkedin-2019-talent-trends-soft-skills-transparency-trust-bersin. 2019.
9. Benjamin, B., Gulliya, T. & Crispo, A. (2012). Emotional intelligence and organizational culture. Insights to a Changing World Journal. 1: 52-64.
10. Carnevale, A. P. (2013). 21st century competencies for college and career readiness. Broken Arrow, OK: National Career Development Association. Cobo, C. (2013). Mechanisms to identify and study the demand for innovation skills in world-renowned organizations. On the Horizon. 21(2): 96-106.
11. Credé, M., & Kuncel, N. R. (2008). Study habits, skills, and attitudes: The third pillar supporting collegiate academic performance. Perspectives on psychological science. 3(6): 425-453.
12. Dana, H., Hancock, C., & Phillips, J. (2011). A research proposal to evaluate the merits of writing across the curriculum. American Journal of Business Education. 4: 15-20.
13. Dean, S. A. (2017). Soft Skills Needed for the 21st Century Workforce. Doctor of Business Administration, Walden University.
14. Doyle, A. Top Soft Skills Employers Value with Examples. [Online]. available : https://www.thebalancecareers.com/list-of-soft-skills-2063770. 2019.
15. Gewertz, C. (2007). Soft skills in big demand: Interest in teaching students habits of mind for success in life is on the rise. Education Week. 26(40): 25-27.
16. Glenn, J. L. (2008). The “new” customer service model: Customer advocate, company ambassador. Business Education Forum. 62(4): 7-13.
17. Jungsun, K., Mehmet, E., JeoungWoo, B. & Hwayoung, J. (2011). Training soft skills via e-learning. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 23(6): 739-763.
18. Kautz, T. D., Heckman, J., Diris, R., ter Weel, B., & Borghans, L. (2014). Fostering and measuring skills: Improving cognitive and non-cognitive skills to promote lifetime success. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
19. Klaus, P. (2010). Communication breakdown. California Job Journal. 28: 1-9.
20. Kyllonen, P. (2013). Soft skills for the workplace. Change. 45(6): 16-23.
21. International Labour Organization. (2008). Skills for improved productivity, employment growth and development. Paper presented at the International Labour Conference.
22. Lippman, L. H., Ryberg, R., Carney, R. & Moore, K. A. (2015). Key “Soft” Skills That Foster Youth Workforce Success: Toward a Consensus Across Fields. Washington, D.C: USAID.
23. Lowden, K., Hall, S., Elliot, D. & Lewin, J. (2011). Employers’ perceptions of the employability skills of new graduates. Project Report. Edge Foundation, London, UK.
24. Manpower Group. (2013). 2013 Talent Shortage Survey Research Results. Milwaukee, WI: Manpower Group.
25. Mitchell, G. W., Skinner, L. B. & White, B. J. (2010). Essential soft skills for success in the twenty-first century workforce as perceived by business educators. Delta Pi Epsilon Journal. 52: 43-53.
26. Mowrer, O. H. (1950). Learning theory and personality dynamics: Selected papers. New York, NY: Ronald Press
27. Nga, J. K. & Wai Mun, S. (2013). The perception of undergraduate students towards accountants and the role of accountants in driving organizational change: A case study of a Malaysian business school. Education & Training. 55(6): 500-519.
28. Nealy, C. (2005). Integrating soft skills through active learning in the management classroom. Journal of College Teaching & Learning. 2(4): 1-6.
29. Parsons, T. L. Definition: Soft skills. [Online]. available : http://searchcio.techtarget.com/ definition/soft-skills. 2008.
30. Patacsil, F. F. & Tablatin, C. L. S. (2017). Exploring the importance of soft and hard skills as perceived by IT internship students and industry: a gap analysis. Journal of Technology and Science Education. 7(3): 347-368.
31. Perreault, H. (2004). Business educators can take a leadership role in character education. Business Education Forum. 59: 23-24.
32. Robles, M. (2012). Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in today’s workplace. Business Communications Quarterly. 75(4): 453-465.
33. Seetha, N. (2014). Are soft skills important in the workplace? – A preliminary investigation in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science. 4(4): 44-56.
34. Sejzi, A. A., Aris, B. & Yuh, C. P. (2013). Important Soft Skills for University Students in 21st Century. 4th International Graduate Conference on Engineering, Science, and Humanities (IGCESH 2013), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia, 16-17 April 2013, PP 1088-1093.
35. Singh, G., & Singh, S. (2008). Malaysian graduates’ employability skills. UNITAR e-Journal. 4(1): 15-45.
36. Skill Builder Pro. Soft Skills: The Hard Skills for Today’s Workforce. [Online]. available : https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/792186/Soft_Skills__The_Hard_Skills_for_Today_s_Wor kforce_Final.pdf?p=original. 2018.
37. Smith, L. (2007). Teaching the intangibles. T+D. 61(10): 23-25.
38. Snyder, K. The 7 Soft Skills You Need to Be Successful. [Online]. available : https://www.omniagroup.com/the-7-soft-skills-you-need-to-be-successful/. 2020.
39. Spowart, J. (2011). Hospitality students' competencies: Are they work ready?. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism. 10(2): 169-181.
40. Vasanthakumari, S. (2019). Soft Skills and its application in work place. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews. 3(2): 66–72.
41. Wiki job. Soft Skills. [Online]. available : https://www.wikijob.co.uk/content/interview-advice/competencies/soft-skills. 2020.
42. WVDE. Survey of Employer Skill Needs. [Online]. available : https://wvde.us/simulated-workplace/. 2019.
43. Zagada, M. Top 7 Soft Skills Employees Need In 2020 and Beyond. [Online]. available :https://www.gofluent.com/blog/top-7-soft-skills-2020/. 2019.