Cultural and Economic Constraints on Women Entrepreneurs in Ecotourism in Myanmar

Authors

  • Khin Kyi Zin School of Management, Shinawatra University
  • Fuangfa Amponstira School of Management, Shinawatra University
  • Nirot Dejkamhaeng School of Management, Shinawatra University

Keywords:

Cultural and Economic Constraints dolphin tourism, gender relations , Myanmar

Abstract

          This study aims to explore the cultural and economic Constraints in Ecotourism in Myanmar and analyse various dimensions from ecotourism stakeholders.  The case of Irrawaddy Dolphin is applied in this study.  The research methodology is the qualitative approach and the semi-structured questionnaires are designed to be the data collection tool.  The samplings are 10 tourism entrepreneurs of Irrawaddy Dolphin. According to the findings, commercialisation of small-scale trade in the region is characterised by big money driving out small money in such a way that the independence of women entrepreneurs is constrained and their opportunities reduced. Is it possible that ecotourism offers a different outcome for the women involved.   The government policy can encourage the solutions to improve the acceptance and participations of woman entrepreneurs.

 

References

Antonella Arcangeli, Roberto Crosti. (2009). The short-term impact of dolphin-watching on the behaviour of bottlenose. Marine Animals and Their Ecology.

Coulthard, P. (2013, November 28). Environmental Impact. Dolphin Discovery Centre.

D. Lusseau, J.E.S. Higham. (11 August 2003). Managing the impacts of dolphin-based tourism through the. Tourism Management 25 (2004) 657–667.

David. (2008). The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 15-30.

Hays, J. (Last updated April 2014 ). River Dolphins in Asia: Ganges, Meiong, Irrawaddy and Yangtze Species and Subspecies. Facts And Details.

Hendry, S. (2017, september Monday 11). Vietnamese women were raped in wartime seek justice for a lifetime of pain and prejudice. Independent.

Jacobs, M. D. (2005). The blackwell companion to the socioligy of culture. Malden: Blackwell publishing.

John Walsh, Sandi Win. (2017). Myanmar's mothers at a Time of Structural Change. The Myanmar Journal, 13-30.

Koehl, D. (Apr 26, 2017 ). Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris). Dolphin World.

Mara, U. W. (2000). social roles and gender stereotypes of Myanmar society. New York: CEDAW.

(2018). Myanmar Poverty Report. Yangon: The World Bank.

Sally Asker, Louise Boronyak, Naomi Carrard,Michael Paddon. (JUNE 2010 ). Effective Community Based Tourism A Best Practice Manual. Australia : Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre 2010 .

Stocker, E. (Sat 3 May 2014 ). Spotting river dolphins in Bolivia. The Guardian, 06.59 BST.

Weidemann, P. (2016). Comparison of Pilot Projects; Identification of Common Challenges. Community Involvement in Tourism (CIT), 15,16.

Downloads

Published

2021-05-17

Issue

Section

Research Articles