A Model Development for Management of 3H Learning Experiences to Enhance Thinking Skills of Preschool Children
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Abstract
This research aimed to 1) study guidelines for management of learning experiences to enhance thinking
skills of preschool children, 2) develop a model for management of 3H learning experiences to enhance thinking
skills of preschool children, and 3) study the results of implementing the developed model for management of
the 3H learning experiences. This research and development study was conducted in 3 phases: Phase I was
studying guidelines for management of learning experiences to enhance thinking skills of preschool children,
and the sample group for this phase consisted of 150 teachers of Kindergarten-2 level teaching at 30 schools
under Roi Et Office of Primary Education Service Area 3 in the first semester of the academic year 2016, and
obtained through stratified random sampling; Phase II was developing a model for management of 3H learning
experiences to enhance thinking skills of preschool children, and the sample for the pilot experimental study
consisted of a class of 15 Kindergarten-2 children studying at Ban Jumpa PhraUi in the first semester of the
academic year 2016, obtained through purposive sampling; and Phase III was studying the implementation
results of the developed model for management of the 3H learning experiences to enhance thinking skills of
preschool children, and the sample group consisted of 3 classes of 20 Kindergarten-2 children and 3 teachers
from each of the 3 schools-- MuangPoh Chai School, Chiengmai Pattana Community School, and Ban Pone
Thao School- in the second semester of the academic year 2016 under Roi Et Office of Primary Education
Service Area 3, who were obtained through a voluntary basis. The instruments used in this research were a
questionnaire on guidelines for management of leaning experiences to enhance thinking skills of preschool
children, an unstructured interview form, a model for management of 3H learning experiences to enhance
thinking skills of preschool children, and 3H materials for preschool children as follows: 30 3H lesson plans
of two hours each, a questionnaire on teachers’ opinions toward using the model. The statistics used in this
research were percentage, mean, standard deviation, and effectiveness index (E.I).
Findings of the study are as follows:
1. Guidelines for management of learning experiences to enhance thinking skills of preschool children
were rated in the moderate level, and the respondents’ suggestions are as follows: modern techniques and
innovation should be applied in providing learning experiences for the children, and effective and genuine
development of thinking skills should truly benefit preschool education because children can be trained to
have systematic thinking skills
2. The developed model for management of 3H learning experiences to enhance thinking skills of preschool
children is composed of the following six elements: 1) Basic Concepts and Theories; 2) Objectives; 3) Four-Step
Procedure for Management of 3H Learning Experiences to Enhance Thinking Skills: Preparation of Readiness,
Providing Experiences, Promotion of Thinking Skills (Start thinking, Form ideas, Expand ideas), and Conclusion
& Evaluation (Learn, play and share); 4) Social System; 5) Feedback & Response; 6) Support System.
3. The efficiency index of the developed model for management of 3H learning experiences to enhance
thinking skills of preschool children was 78.96/77.50; its effectiveness index was 0.5750; and the teachers’
overall opinion, toward their actual use of the model for management of the 3H learning experiences to
enhance thinking skills of their children, was found at the highest level.
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