Development of a Breath and Movement Awareness Programs for Fencing (BMAP-F)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The research aims to achieve two primary objectives: develop a mindfulness program for fencers and investigate the impact of mindfulness program on fencers' levels of awareness, detachment, and re-focusing on before and after. Sample group was 15 fencing athletes, aged 17-25, who are affiliated with a club in Bangkok. A mindfulness program for fencing athletes was designed, incorporating controlled breathing techniques and targeted exercises specifically tailored to meet the unique needs of fencers. The program underwent rigorous testing and refinement based on expert feedback and the experiences of varsity athletes. Following these iterations, the program was tested with a group of 8 fencing athletes in Chonburi Province and subsequently administered to the study participants over an 8-week period. Research tools were the mindfulness program of fencing athlete, employed an 8-week mindfulness training regimen consisting of 24 sessions, and Thai version of the Sports Mindfulness Measure comprising 15 items with a reliability coefficient of 0.96, was used to assess mindfulness among the participants. Statistic was use The mean scores from the mindfulness test were compared using paired t-test statistics.
Research found that after adjustments based on expert recommendations, the mindfulness training program was implemented three times per week over 8 weeks, totaling 24 training sessions. The mindfulness program was adapted to offer greater flexibility and comprehensiveness while addressing the specific needs of fencing athletes. Comparing the participants' mindfulness levels before and after training, significant improvements were observed. Specifically, there were statistically significant differences at the 0.05 significance level in the following aspects: Awareness: before training (2.67±0.25) and after training (4.92±0.54). Non-judgment: before training (3.67±0.37) and after training (4.67±0.59). And re-focusing: before training (3.31±0.32) and after training (4.76±0.61). These findings underscore the value of implementing a well-structured, sport-specific mindfulness program to enhance crucial level of mindfulness among fencing athletes as well.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
1. All articles undergo a thorough with at least three reviewers evaluating their suitability within the respective field of study, during the double-blind review.
2. The views expressed by individual authors do not represent the official views of the Editorial Boards of RMUJ: The author of each articie is responsible for all its contents.
3. The Editorial Boards do not reserve the copyrights. but proper citations need to be made.
References
เกียรติขจร กอเกียรติพิทักษ์. (2557). ผลของการฝึกสมาธิแบบไท้เก๊ก ที่ส่งผลต่อความแม่นยำในการแทงเป้าดาบฟอยล์และดาบเอเป้. (วิทยานิพนธ์ปริญญาการศึกษามหาบัณฑิต). กรุงเทพฯ: บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ.
ฉัตรกมล สิงห์น้อย, นฤพนธ์ วงศ์จตุรภัทร, ศิรินภา น้อยผล และแฟรงค์ ลู. (2563). การแปลและความเที่ยงตรงเชิงโครงสร้างของแบบวัดการมีสติในการเล่นกีฬาฉบับภาษาไทย. วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยีการกีฬา, 20(2), 67-80
ธนา กิตติศรีวรพันธ์. (2522). ผลของการใช้รองเท้าน้ำหนักฝึกกล้ามเนื้อขาที่มีต่อความแม่นยำในการยิง ประตูฟุตบอล. (ปริญญานิพนธ์การศึกษามหาบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาพลศึกษา). กรุงเทพฯ: มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ.
Barnes, C., Mercer, C. and Shakespeare, T. (1999). Exploring Disability: A Sociological Introduction. London: Polity.
Beauchaine, T. P. (2001). Vagal tone, development, and Gray's motivational theory: Toward an integrated model of autonomic nervous system functioning in psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 13(2), 183-214.
Bernier, M., Thienot, E., Codron, R., & Fournier, J. F. (2009). Mindfulness and acceptance approaches in sport performance. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 3, 320-333.
Bhatia, M., Kumar, A., Kumar, N., Pandey, R. M., & Kochupillai, V. (2003). Electrophysiologic evaluation of Sudarshan Kriya: An EEG, BAER, P300 study. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 47, 157-163.
Birrer, D., Röthlin, P., & Morgan, G. (2012). Mindfulness to enhance athletic performance: Theoretical considerations and possible impact mechanisms. Mindfulness, 3(3), 235-246.
Brodie, J. A., & Lobel, E. E. (2012). Dance and somatics: mind-body principles of teaching and performance. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co.
Cahn, B. R., & Polich, J. (2006). Meditation states and traits: EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132(2), 180-211.
Chambers, R., Lo, B. C., & Allen, N. B. (2008). The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(3), 303-322.
Chen, J.-H., Tsai, P.-H., Lin, Y.-C., Chen, C.-K., & Chen, C.-Y. (2018). Mindfulness training enhances flow state and mental health among baseball players in Taiwan. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 15-21.
Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 449-464.
Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy people: A review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(5), 593-600.
Dehghani, M., Saf, A. D., Vosoughi, A., Tebbenouri, G., & Zarnagh, H. G. (2018). Effectiveness of the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment-based approach on athletic performance and sports competition anxiety: A randomized clinical trial. Electronic Physician, 10, 6749.
Freeman, F. G., Mikulka, P. J., Prinzel, L. J., & Scerbo, M. W. (1999). Evaluation of an adaptive automation system using three EEG indices with a visual tracking task. Biological Psychology, 50, 61-76.
Gardner, F. L., & Moore, Z. E. (2004). A mindfulness-acceptance commitment-based approach to athletic performance enhancement: Theoretical considerations. Behavior Therapy, 35, 707-723.
Geschwind, N., Peeters, F., Drukker, M., van Os, J., & Wichers, M. (2011). Mindfulness training increases momentary positive emotions and reward experience in adults vulnerable to depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(5), 618-628.
Goessl, V. C., Curtiss, J. E., & Hofmann, S. G. (2017). The effect of heart rate variability biofeedback training on stress and anxiety: A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 47, 2578-2586.
Gu, S., Li, Y., Jiang, Y., Huang, J. H., & Wang, F. (2022). Mindfulness training improves sport performance via inhibiting uncertainty-induced emotional arousal and anger. Journal of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 4, 296-304.
Hernández, S. E., Barros-Loscertales, A., Xiao, Y., González-Mora, J. L., & Rubia, K. (2018). Gray matter and functional connectivity in anterior cingulate cortex are associated with the state of mental silence during Sahaja yoga meditation. Neuroscience, 371, 395-406.
Hewett, Z. L., Ransdell, L. B., Gao, Y., Petlichkoff, L. M., & Lucas, S. (2011). An examination of the effectiveness of an 8-week Bikram yoga program on mindfulness, perceived stress, and physical fitness. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 9(2), 87-92.
Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 169-183.
Jackson, S. A., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). Flow in sports. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Jain, S., Shapiro, S. L., Swanick, S., & Roesch, S. (2007). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation versus relaxation training: Effects on distress, positive states of mind, rumination, and distraction. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33(1), 11-21.
Lutz, A., Greischar, L. L., Rawlings, N. B., & Ricard, M. (2004). Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(46), 16369-16373.
Migliaccio, G. M., Russo, L., Maric, M., & Padulo, J. (2023). Sports performance and breathing rate: What is the connection? A narrative review on breathing strategies. Sports (Basel), 11(5), 103.
Mozafari Zadeh, M., Heidari, F., & Khabiri, M. (2019). Effectiveness of mindfulness and acceptance training on reducing sport injury anxiety and improving performance of soccer players. Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 8, 95-108.
Ortner, C. N., Kilner, S. J., & Zelazo, P. D. (2007). Mindfulness meditation and reduced emotional interference on a cognitive task. Motivation and Emotion, 31, 271-283.
Ravizza, K. H. (2002). A philosophical construct: A framework for performance enhancement. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 33(1), 4-18.
Robins, C. J., Keng, S.-L., Ekblad, A. G., & Brantley, J. G. (2012). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on emotional experience and expression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(1), 117-131.
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Shortland, N. D., McGarry, P., Thompson, L., Stevens, C., & Alison, L. J. (2021). The effect of a 3-minute mindfulness intervention, and the mediating role of maximization, on critical incident decision-making. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 674694.
Solberg, E. E., Ekeberg, Ø., Holen, A., Ingjer, F., Sandvik, L., Standal, P. A., & Vikman Hem, A. (2004). Hemodynamic changes during long meditation. Psychophysiology, 41(2), 213-220.
Stavrou, N. A., Jackson, S. A., Zervas, Y., & Karteroliotis, K. (2007). Flow experience and athletes' performance with reference to the orthogonal model of flow. The Sport Psychologist, 21(4), 438-457.
Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Fan, Y., et al. (2007). Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 17152-1715.
Telles, S., Nagarathna, R., & Nagendra, H. R. (1995). Improvement in visual perception following yoga training. Journal of Indian Psychology, 31,Ravizza, K. H. (2002). A philosophical construct: A framework for performance enhancement. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 33(1), 4-18.
Robins, C. J., Keng, S.-L., Ekblad, A. G., & Brantley, J. G. (2012). Effects of mindfulnessbased stress reduction on emotional experience and expression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(1), 117 131.
Segal, Z.V., Williams, J.M.G., & Teasdale, J.D. (2002). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A New Approach to Preventing Relapse. Guilford Press, New York.
Shortland, N. D., McGarry, P., Thompson, L., Stevens, C., & Alison, L. J. (2021). The Effect of a 3-Minute Mindfulness Intervention, and the Mediating Role of Maximization, on Critical Incident Decision-Making. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 674694.
Solberg, E. E., Ekeberg, Ø., Holen, A., Ingjer, F., Sandvik, L., Standal, P. A., & Vikman Hem, A. (September 2004). Hemodynamic changes during long meditation. Psychophysiology, 29, 213-221.
Stavrou, N. A., Jackson, S. A., Zervas, Y.,&Karteroliotis, K. (2007). Flow experience and athletes' performance with reference to the orthogonal model of flow. The Sport Psychologist, 21(4), 438-457.
Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y. H., Wang, J. H., Fan, Y. X. et al. (2007). Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 17152-17156.
Telles S., Nagarathna R., Nagendra H. R. (1995). Improvement in visual perception followign yoga training. J. Indian Psychol. 31, 30-32.
Zeidan, F., Johnson, S. K., Diamond, B. J., David, Z., & Goolkasian, P. (2010). Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: Evidence of brief mental training. Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 19(2), 597-605.
Zhu, Y., He, S., Herold, F., Sun, F., Li, C., Tao, S., & Gao, T.-Y. (2022, October 4). Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on cognitive function: Current evidence, methodology, and safety considerations. Frontiers in Physiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys. 2022.1012836
Zhu, Y., Sun, Y., Li, C., Huang, J., Hu, M., Wang, K., & He, S. (2022). Acute effects of mindfulness-based intervention on athlete cognitive function: An fNIRS investigation. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 20(2), 90-99.
