Effects of Experiential and Digital E-Learning on Cross Cultural Learning Aimed at Reducing Conflict and Violence Among Youths in the Three Southern Border Provinces of Thailand

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the effects of using both experiential and digital e-learning for cross-cultural education aimed at reducing conflict and violence among youth in three southern border provinces of Thailand. The conflict in the region has complex roots that are political, ethnic, cultural, and religious in nature. These impact the not only the economy and community development, but security as well, particularly for children and youth. Traditional approaches have primarily focused on controlling the situation rather than transforming attitudes and behaviors using a behavioral science-based approach. Integrating digital media to create safe learning spaces can promote acceptance of diversity, reduce biases, and foster cross-cultural understanding—key foundations for lasting peace and sustainability.

Methodology: This study employed a combination of digital e-learning media and experiential learning through a training camp program. The targeted sample consisted of 30 at-risk youths with a tendency toward violent behavior, chosen for their potential to benefit from a non-violence volunteer role model program. The research instruments included: (1) E-learning media covering 12 topics on respecting diversity, adaptation, and coexistence in a multicultural society, (2) a training camp program with 12 practical activities, (3) a cross-cultural learning assessment tool measuring the impact on reducing violence and conflict, and (4) unstructured pre- and post-operation interviews. Data analysis involved content analysis for interview responses and statistical analysis using mean, standard deviation, and t-tests.

Main Results: The research findings show significant statistical improvement, with the mean score for perceptions increasing from a moderate level (mean = 3.17) to a high level (mean = 4.23). The most notable change was in attitudes, which shifted from a moderate level (mean = 3.31) to a very high level (mean = 4.52). Behavioral development also improved, moving from a moderate level (Mean = 3.30) to a high level (Mean = 4.37).

Discussions: The results indicate that digital e-learning media and practical training camps play a crucial role in enhancing cross-cultural learning. The significant increases in perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral changes in regard to violence, suggest that structured learning activities can effectively reduce conflict and promote peaceful coexistence. The integration of digital media and hands-on activities offers a balance of theoretical and practical learning, emphasizing theoretical knowledge with practical application.

Conclusions: The study concludes that digital e-learning, when combined with experiential learning approaches, offers a powerful and sustainable model for promoting peace education and social harmony in conflict-affected regions. The ability of digital tools to provide flexible, engaging, and self-paced learning experiences enhances youth access to knowledge and supports ongoing personal growth. Meanwhile, experiential activities create safe spaces for dialogue and reflection, fostering emotional and moral development. The research further recommends that stakeholders expand the implementation of such hybrid learning models and ensure their alignment with local cultural identities. Ultimately, this research highlights the potential of combining digital innovation with grounded, real-world engagement to transform education into a tool for peacebuilding. It serves as a practical model for other multicultural and conflict-prone regions seeking to empower youth and build more inclusive and understanding societies.